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An ever evolving and dynamic geopolitical scenario continues to shape the future of global economic growth. Its consequences affect all aspects and actors in the private and public sector across the world. Government’s preparedness, capacity, effectiveness and speed of response will prove crucial to go through these diverse sets of conditions. Here you will find our insights about governments and public sector entities around the world, its challenges ahead and our views on where they stand in the face of current and future market developments.
We estimate sovereigns' long-term borrowing will reach $14.1 trillion in 2026, a 5% increase on 2025 and double that of 2019. The U.S. will account for almost 40% of global long-term issuance, raising its 2026 borrowing by $500 billion, to $5.3 trillion, while China remains the second-largest sovereign issuer with the equivalent of $2.5 trillion. In Europe, Germany’s borrowing is set to rise substantially after its prolonged fiscal restraint.
S&P Global Ratings assigns issuer credit ratings (ICRs) to public and nonprofit social housing providers (SHPs) based on their qualitative and quantitative analysis of industry risk, market position, management and governance, financial performance, debt profile, and liquidity. We assess financial performance and debt profile on a five-year average basis, typically including two historical years, the current year, and two forecast years. This report provides comparative statistics for the 58 publicly rated SHPs outside the U.S.
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