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Polyimides and Imide Polymers

Chemical Economics Handbook

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Published October 2022

Polyimides are unique, high-temperature polymers that command high prices. A number of types of polymers are available with imide linkages. Some polyimides have melting temperatures exceeding 300°C, making them suitable for use in highly demanding conditions. Leading markets are molding resins, wire enamels, films for electronics, fibers, advanced composites, coatings, foams, and adhesives. A number of companies make polyimides, with most concentrating on specific markets. For example, DuPont and PI Advanced Materials specialize in supplying electronic films; SABIC supplies polyetherimide (Ultem®) for molding resins and other markets; Evonik and Kermel supply polyimide fibers; and Solvay, Evonik, St. Gobain, and DuPont sell highly specialized polyimide molding resins.

All of these polymers have excellent electrical and physical properties in addition to their high thermal and oxidative stability. Because of this combination of properties, these polyimides are used in aerospace, electronics, and various other industrial applications. “Pure” polyimide resins (without alternating ester, amide, or ether linkages) are high-temperature-resistant polymers that retain a significant portion of their physical properties in short-term exposures at temperatures exceeding 500°C. Other polymers that contain imide linkages have thermal resistances over a wide range of temperatures of at least 200°C.

The following pie chart shows consumption of polyimides and other imide polymers by major region:

During the 2017–19, demand was particularly strong from the electrical/electronics market (including films and use in the aircraft, aerospace, and military markets among others). Automotive, aircraft/aerospace (particularly new commercial aircraft), and food service markets have also helped drive consumption of polyimides and imide polymers, as companies require products with properties such as higher service temperatures (i.e., increased thermal performance), greater toughness and flexibility, easier processing, and lighter weight (for fuel efficiency) at a reduced cost.

The major end markets were severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020. The aircraft industry, the major application within the cable and wire sector, lost around 50% of sales because of the lockdowns and travel restrictions. Demand into automotive uses was also down, when manufacturing plants were closed for weeks in 2020. Even though recovery had started in 2021, it will take a few years before pre-pandemic levels are achieved.

The fastest-growing market is expected to be electronics, as polyimide films are used to make flexible printed circuits for mobile phones and other devices. Transparent polyimide films are of interest to replace glass, to make flexible, lighter-weight flat panel displays, imaging sensors, solar cells, and other products. New colorless polyimide (CPI) film plants have been operating in South Korea since 2021; CPI is expected to be used in the new generation of foldable mobile phones.

Even though the molding resins market has been heavily impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, it is believed to have still have growth potential, where polyimides and other high-temperature polymers continue to displace traditional materials of construction, like metals. Polyimides have the advantage of high flame retardancy, so they have been used for a number of years in aircraft interiors.

For more detailed information, see the table of contents, shown below.

S&P Global’s Chemical Economics Handbook – Polyimides and Other Imide Polymers is the comprehensive and trusted guide for anyone seeking information on this industry. This latest report details global and regional information, including

Key Benefits

S&P Global’s Chemical Economics Handbook – Polyimides and Other Imide Polymers has been compiled using primary interviews with key suppliers and organizations, and leading representatives from the industry in combination with S&P Global’s unparalleled access to upstream and downstream market intelligence and expert insights into industry dynamics, trade, and economics.

This report can help you

  • Identify trends and driving forces influencing chemical markets
  • Forecast and plan for future demand
  • Understand the impact of competing materials
  • Identify and evaluate potential customers and competitors
  • Evaluate producers
  • Track changing prices and trade movements
  • Analyze the impact of feedstocks, regulations, and other factors on chemical profitability
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Contents

Executive summary 6
Summary 7
Introduction 10
Manufacturing processes 12
Condensation polyimides 12
Addition polyimides 12
Thermoplastic polyimides 14
Polyamide-imides 14
Polyether-imides 15
Other thermoplastic polyimides 16
Polyester-imides 16
Raw materials 17
Dianhydrides 17
Pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) 17
Trimellitic anhydride (TMA) 19
Benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) 21
Biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BPDA) 21
Oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA) 22
Hexafluorodianhydride (6FDA) 2222
Other 23
Aromatic diamines 23
4,4′-Oxydianiline (ODA) 2323
4,4′-Methylenedianiline (MDA) 2424
m-Phenylenediamine (MPD) and p-phenylenediamine (PPD) 24
Environmental issues 27
Supply and demand by region 28
United States 28
Producing companies 28
Production 30
Consumption 30
Molding resins 31
Wire enamels 36
Films 37
Fibers 38
Advanced composites 39
Foams 41
Coatings 42
Laminates 43
Adhesives 44
Price 44
Trade 45
Europe 45
Producing companies 45
Production 48
Consumption 48
Wire enamels 49
Molding resins 50
Fibers 51
Foams 52
PMI foams 52
PEI foams 53
PI foams 53
Films 53
Coatings 55
Adhesives 56
Composites/laminates 56
Price 58
Trade 59
Mainland China 59
Producing companies 59
Consumption 61
Wire enamels 62
Films 62
Molding resins/parts 63
Fibers 64
Other 64
Trade 64
Japan 64
Producing companies 64
Salient statistics 68
Consumption 69
Molding resins 70
Films 71
Fibers 73
Castings to FPC and other 73
Price 74
Trade 74
Other Asia 75
Producing companies 75
Salient statistics 76
Consumption 77
Additional resources 80
Revisions 81
Data Workbook 82
Notice 83

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