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NPK Compound Fertilizers

Chemical Economics Handbook

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Fertilizers are substances that can be in a solid, liquid, or gaseous state and contain one or more plant nutrients. They can be applied to the soil, or directly on the plant to maintain or increase fertility to produce crops with good quality. They supplement naturally available nutrients in the soil and also provide additional nutrients that are required for specific types of crops.

A distinct advantage of compounded NPK fertilizers is that they can be formulated based on the type of crop and soil. The fact that they are compounded enables them to be less soluble in groundwater. This makes them suitable for dry soil matrices and areas prone to droughts. NPK is typically used for sugar beets, sunflower, and buckwheat during the autumn and for corn, wheat, barley, and vegetable crops during spring. Fertilizer products can be used in various physical and chemical forms. Based on its state, each form has its own advantages and limitations.

The following chart shows world consumption of NPK compound fertilizers:

Mainland China has become the world’s largest producer and consumer of NPK compound fertilizers. Over 3,000 companies produce NPK compound fertilizers in mainland China, with a total capacity of about 173.5 million metric tons in 2021. Most of the consumption growth will be in Africa (albeit from a small base), the CIS and Baltic States, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia/Oceania.

The products covered in this report are the following:

  • NPK fertilizers typically contain at least 3% N plus 5% P2O5 plus 5% K2O and at least 20% total nutrients. Nutrient ratios are provided for NPK fertilizers, such as 1:1:1. If there are additional numbers, it would refer to magnesium and then sulfur. Since each granule of these fertilizers contains the same proportion of nutrients, application to the soil can be simple.
  • NP fertilizers have a minimum of 3% N and 5% P2O5 and at least 18% of total nutrients. These products are applied where the soil is already rich in potassium content or where potash can be applied as a standalone fertilizer.
  • NitroP fertilizers are made by reacting nitric acid with phosphate compounds. As it does not use sulfuric acid, there is no unwanted gypsum waste.

Compound fertilizers contain two or more nutrients and are also known as multinutrient fertilizers. A complex fertilizer refers to a compound fertilizer formed by combining ingredients to react chemically. Compound fertilizers can also be produced by blending two or more granular fertilizers of similar size. Such products retain the physical and chemical characteristics of individual compounds. They are made by mixing basic fertilizers derived from ammonia with salts containing phosphorus or potassium.

Demand for fertilizers is driven by the need for food, which in turn is driven by the size and wealth of the population. The global population has doubled from about 3 billion in the early 1960s to around 6 billion by the turn of this century. Between now and 2050, the population is expected to increase by another 3 billion, equivalent to the current combined population of mainland China and South Asia. Feeding a population of 9 billion people in 2050 will involve a combination of several developments, including relying on increased plant nutrition, new technologies, and the cultivation of more marginal land. Food production has increased substantially over the past several decades, in part because of increasing yields as a result of fertilizer application.

For more detailed information, see the table of contents, shown below.

S&P Global’s Chemical Economics Handbook –NPK Compound Fertilizers is the comprehensive and trusted guide for anyone seeking information on this industry. This latest report details global and regional information, including

Key benefits

S&P Global’s Chemical Economics Handbook –NPK Compound Fertilizers has been compiled using primary interviews with key suppliers and organizations, and leading representatives from the industry in combination with S&P Global’s unparalleled access to upstream and downstream market intelligence and expert insights into industry dynamics, trade, and economics.

This report can help you

  • Identify trends and driving forces influencing chemical markets
  • Forecast and plan for future demand
  • Understand the impact of competing materials
  • Identify and evaluate potential customers and competitors
  • Evaluate producers
  • Track changing prices and trade movements
  • Analyze the impact of feedstocks, regulations, and other factors on chemical profitability
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Table of Contents

Section Page Number

Executive summary 7
Summary 8
Introduction 10
Manufacturing processes 16
Compaction 16
Accretion 17
Pipe-cross reaction 17
Nitrophosphate process 17
Mechanical blending 18
Mixed-acid route 19
Pipe reactor granulation 19
Drum granulation with ammoniation 20
Mixed-acid process with digestion of phosphate rock 20
ODDA process 20
Environmental issues 21
Supply and demand by region 22
World 22
Capacity and production 22
Consumption 24
Price 25
Trade 25
United States 27
Producing companies 27
Salient statistics 29
Production 29
Consumption 30
Price 32
Trade 33
Canada 34
Producing companies 34
Salient statistics 35
Consumption 35
Mexico 36
Producing companies 36
Salient statistics 36
Production 37
Consumption 37
Trade 38
Central and South America 39
Producing companies 39
Brazil 41
Colombia 41
El Salvador 41
Salient statistics 42
Production 42
Consumption 43
Price 45
Trade 45
Western Europe 48
Producing companies 48
Production capacity 52
Salient statistics 53
Production 54
Consumption 55
Price 56
Trade 58
Central Europe 59
Producing companies 59
Production capacity 62
Salient statistics 64
Production 64
Consumption 65
Price 67
Trade 67
CIS and Baltic States 68
Producing companies 68
Production capacity 71
Salient statistics 73
Production 74
Consumption 74
Price 76
Trade 77
Middle East 78
Producing companies 78
Production capacity 81
Salient statistics 83
Production 83
Consumption 84
Price 86
Trade 86
Africa 87
Producing companies 87
Production capacity 90
Salient statistics 92
Production 92
Consumption 93
Price 95
Trade 95
Indian Subcontinent 96
Producing companies 96
Salient statistics 99
Production 100
Consumption 101
Price 104
Trade 104
Mainland China 107
Producing companies 107
Salient statistics 111
Production 112
Consumption 113
Price 114
Trade 115
Japan 116
Producing companies 116
Salient statistics 117
Production 118
Consumption 119
Price 120
Trade 120
Other Northeast Asia 121
Producing companies 121
Salient statistics 122
Production 123
Consumption 125
Price 127
Trade 128
Southeast Asia and Oceania 130
Producing companies 130
Salient statistics 133
Production 134
Consumption 135
Indonesia 138
Thailand 138
Vietnam 139
Price 139
Trade 139
Additional resources 143
Revisions 144
Data Workbook 145
Notice 146

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