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Fluorspar and Inorganic Fluorine Compounds

Chemical Economics Handbook

Published December 2019

This report covers fluorspar and its major derivative, hydrofluoric acid, as well as providing additional data on aluminum fluoride, cryolite, and fluosilicic acid.

Fluorspar is a mineral from which more than 95% of all fluorine+based compounds are derived. Production of hydrofluoric acid accounted for an estimated 53% of the world production of fluorspar in 2019, followed by use for aluminum smelting, with 22%, and steel manufacturing, with 58%. Hydrofluoric acid is the most important chemical derived from fluorspar and accounted for about 54% of global fluorspar consumption in 2019.

Although 20 countries have the ability to produce significant quantities of fluorspar, the majority of the world’s fluorspar production has become concentrated in China, which accounted for 55% of world production in 2019. The next-largest producers are North America, Mongolia, and Africa. Historically, the majority of China’s fluorspar production was exported, but China has spent the last decade building and growing its fluorine-based chemical industry. Now, China adds value to its domestic acid-spar supply through the production of downstream products such as hydrofluoric acid, fluorocarbons, and fluoropolymers rather than exporting the mineral.

World demand for fluorspar will grow at an average annual rate of about 2% during 2019-24.

The following pie chart shows world consumption of hydrofluoric acid:


Hydrofluoric acid is the raw material for the production of fluorocarbons, which are used in refrigeration and air conditioning, and as a precursor to fluoropolymers and elastomers. In addition, hydrofluoric acid serves as a catalyst in petroleum alkylation, a process used for gasoline manufacture. It is also used in metal treatment, uranium fuel production, and as a raw material in the manufacture of inorganic fluorine compounds, including most inorganic fluorides as well as elemental fluorine.

Fluorocarbon production accounted for 60% of hydrofluoric acid consumption in 2019. This market is driven by the end+ use markets of refrigerant and air conditioning gases, which account for almost half of total fluorocarbon consumption globally. Moderate growth of about 2-3% is expected over the next few years. Many changes are looming in this industry over the next 15 years, as hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs). are being restricted and gradually substituted by gases with a lower global warming potential.

For more detailed information, see the table of contents, shown below.

S&P Global’s Chemical Economics Handbook - Fluorspar and Inorganic Fluorine Compounds is the comprehensive and trusted guide for anyone seeking information on this industry. This latest report details global and regional information, including

Key benefits

S&P Global’s Chemical Economics Handbook - Fluorspar and Inorganic Fluorine Compounds has been compiled using primary interviews with key suppliers and organizations, and leading representatives from the industry in combination with S&P Global’s unparalleled access to upstream and downstream market intelligence and expert insights into industry dynamics, trade, and economics.

This report can help you

  • Identify trends and driving forces influencing chemical markets
  • Forecast and plan for future demand
  • Understand the impact of competing materials
  • Identify and evaluate potential customers and competitors
  • Evaluate producers
  • Track changing prices and trade movements
  • Analyze the impact of feedstocks, regulations, and other factors on chemical profitability

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Table of Contents

Section Page Number

Executive summary 8
Summary 10
Fluorspar 10
Reserves and resources 11
Production 13
Consumption –15
Hydrofluoric acid 16
Aluminum fluoride 19
Fluosilicic acid 21
Introduction 23
Manufacturing processes 24
Fluorspar 24
Fluosilicic acid/silicofluoride salts 24
Hydrogen fluoride/hydrofluoric acid 25
Environmental issues 26
United States 26
European Union 28
Japan 28
Hydrofluoric acid recycling, disposal, and recovery of by-products 29
Supply and demand by region 30
Fluorspar 30
United States 30
Producing companies 30
Salient statistics 30
Consumption 31
Hydrofluoric acid 32
Steel 32
Aluminum fluoride 33
Glass 33
Iron and steel castings 34
Other 34
Price 35
Trade 37
Imports 37
Exports 39
Canada 39
Producing companies 39
Salient statistics 40
Consumption 40
Trade 41
Mexico 42
Producing companies 42
Salient statistics 43
Production 45
Consumption 46
Trade 47
South America 48
Producing companies 48
Salient statistics 48
Production 49
Consumption 49
Trade 50
Western Europe 51
Producing companies 51
Salient statistics 53
Consumption 56
Price 57
Trade 59
Imports 59
Exports 60
Central and Eastern Europe 61
Producing companies 61
Salient statistics 62
Production 62
Consumption 63
Trade 64
Middle East 65
Producing companies 65
Salient statistics 66
Production 66
Consumption 66
Trade 67
Africa 68
Producing companies 68
Salient statistics 69
Production 69
Consumption 71
Trade 72
Japan 73
Producing companies 73
Consumption 73
Price 74
Trade 74
China 76
Producing companies 78
Salient statistics 83
Consumption 85
Price 87
Trade 88
Imports 88
Exports 89
Mongolia 91
Producing companies 91
Production 92
Consumption 93
Trade 93
India 95
Producing companies 95
Salient statistics 95
Consumption 96
Trade 96
Other Asia and Oceania 96
Producing companies 96
Salient statistics 97
Consumption 98
Trade 99
Other fluorine minerals 99
Hydrofluoric acid 100
United States 100
Producing companies 100
Salient statistics 100
Consumption 101
Fluorocarbon production 102
Uranium fuel production 104
Petroleum alkylation catalysis 104
Metal treatment 105
Other 105
Price 106
Trade 106
Canada 107
Producing companies 107
Salient statistics 108
Consumption 108
Trade 108
Mexico 109
Producing companies 109
Salient statistics 109
Consumption 110
Trade 111
South America 111
Producing companies 111
Salient statistics 111
Consumption 112
Trade 113
Western Europe 114
Producing companies 114
Salient statistics 115
Consumption 116
Fluorocarbons 118
Fluoroaromatics 120
Aluminum fluoride/sodium aluminum fluoride 120
Fluorine 120
Uranium tetrafluoride 120
Other 120
Price 123
Trade 123
Central and Eastern Europe 125
Producing companies 125
Salient statistics 125
Consumption 126
Middle East 127
Producing companies 127
Salient statistics 127
Consumption 128
Africa 128
Producing companies 128
Salient statistics 129
Consumption 130
Japan 130
Producing companies 130
Salient statistics 131
Consumption 132
Fluorocarbon production 133
Fluoboric acid and fluoborates 133
Nitrogen trifluoride 134
Lithium hexafluorophosphate 135
China 135
Producing companies 135
Salient statistics 138
Consumption 139
Price 141
Trade 142
India 143
Producing companies 143
Salient statistics 144
Consumption 144
Other Asia and Oceania 145
Producing companies 145
Production, consumption, and trade 146
Aluminum fluoride/cryolite 150
United States 151
Canada 153
Mexico 155
South America 157
Western Europe 159
Central and Eastern Europe 163
Middle East 166
Africa 168
Japan 170
China 171
Producing companies 171
Salient statistics 171
Consumption 172
Price 173
Trade 174
Other Asia and Oceania 175
Fluosilicic acid 177
United States 177
Brazil 178
Western Europe 179
Central and Eastern Europe 181
Middle East 181
Japan 182
China 183
Other Asia and Oceania 184
Additional resources 185
Revisions 186

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