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Biocides

Specialty Chemicals Update Program

Published April 2023

The specialty biocides described in this report include many different chemical types that are used in a variety of end-use areas. They are linked only by their common functionality in destroying or inhibiting the growth of a broad range of microorganisms. The specialty biocides — active ingredients, not formulated products — have been subdivided into eight product categories — organic acids and salts, active halogen compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds, organometallics, inorganics, organosulfur compounds, phenolics and other biocides. Excluded are chemicals that are highly lethal to all living things (e.g., hydrogen cyanide), pharmaceuticals, chemicals used solely to control agricultural pests (i.e., pesticides) and commodity biocides (e.g., sodium hypochlorite and alcohols).

The following pie chart shows world consumption of biocides on a volume basis:

Since 2016, mainland China has become the largest global market for biocides. North America is the next largest market for specialty biocides; the much higher consumption of biocides in North America, compared with the other developed regions of Western Europe and Japan, reflects the far higher number of swimming pools requiring biocides. Western Europe is the third-largest market for biocides; growth expectations for Western Europe are low, as it is a mature market and suffering from a heavy legislative burden, which makes new product development very difficult. Biocides consumption in India is still in early stages of development, with food preservation being the only significant market. Strong growth will continue through 2027.

An important consideration in the biocides market is the impact of government regulations. In the United States, Western Europe, mainland China and Japan, as well as elsewhere in the world, these regulations require the registration of biocides, a process that includes lengthy and expensive toxicological tests that are designed to demonstrate whether the products can be used safely. Compliance with these regulations requires expertise and infrastructure, and this was a major reason why many large companies that first entered this business were often large manufacturers of pharmaceuticals or pesticides that already had similar biological testing capabilities and registration groups. Over time, newer regulations in most world areas have further restricted or banned the use of some biocides and stimulated the use of acceptable replacements with lower human toxicity.

Because of the increasing cost of complying with these regulations, very few new products have been introduced in the past five years. Since the Biocidal Products Directive first entered into force in mid-2000 in the European Union, about three-fourths of approximately 1,200 biocidal actives have disappeared from the market. Increasing costs have also led to further consolidation within the industry, as the smaller producers were forced to withdraw from the basic production of biocides because their lower sales volumes could not justify these added costs. This process is continuing, and several large companies may emerge with significant participation in a broad range of biocides. Only larger entities will be able to master the challenges of the varying regulations and customer demands in the different regions.

For more detailed information, see the table of contents, shown below.

S&P Global’s Specialty Chemicals Update Program –Biocides is the comprehensive and trusted guide for anyone seeking information on this industry. This latest report details global and regional information, including

Key benefits

S&P Global’s Specialty Chemicals Update Program –Biocides has been compiled using primary interviews with key suppliers and organizations, and leading representatives from the industry in combination with S&P Global’s unparalleled access to upstream and downstream market intelligence and expert insights into industry dynamics, trade, and economics.

This report can help you:

  • Identify the competitive environment and key players
  • Assess key issues facing both suppliers and their end-use customers
  • Understand industry integration strategies
  • Keep abreast of industry structure changes, regulatory requirements, and other factors affecting profitability
  • Identify new business opportunities and threats
  • Follow important commercial developments
  • Recognize trends and driving forces influencing specialty chemical markets

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Contents

Executive summary 10
Summary 11
Introduction 17
Abbreviations 19
World overview of the biocides industry 23
Industry structure 23
Key industry characteristics 23
Suppliers 24
Distributors 25
Organizations 25
Corporate activities 26
Company profiles 28
Arxada (formerly Lonza Specialty Ingredients) 28
LANXESS AG 29
Ueno Fine Chemicals Industry, Ltd. 31
Operating characteristics 32
Research and development 32
Manufacturing 33
Marketing 34
Cost structure and profitability 35
Government regulations 36
United States 36
European Union 37
Regulations and directives 37
Costs of compliance 40
Registration procedure 41
Mainland China 41
Japan 42
Other Asia 44
India 44
ASEAN countries 44
Oceania 44
Trends and opportunities 45
Critical factors for success 46
Products and functions 48
Organic acids and salts 48
Active halogen compounds 48
Swimming pools and spas 49
Machine dishwashing powders 50
Cooling water treatment 51
Bleaches 51
Other 51
Quaternary ammonium compounds 51
Organometallics 52
Inorganics 53
Organosulfur compounds 54
Phenolics 55
Market by product type 56
North America 56
Summary 56
Organic acids and salts 56
Consumption and markets 56
Market participants 57
Prices 58
Active halogen compounds 59
Consumption and markets 59
Market participants 60
Prices 61
Quaternary ammonium compounds 61
Consumption and markets 61
Market participants 63
Prices 63
Organometallics 63
Consumption and markets 63
Market participants 65
Prices 65
Inorganics 65
Consumption and markets 65
Market participants 66
Prices 66
Organosulfur compounds 66
Consumption and markets 66
Market participants 67
Prices 67
Phenolics 68
Consumption and markets 68
Market participants 69
Prices 69
Other biocides 70
Central and South America 71
Summary 71
Consumption and markets 71
Market participants 72
Prices 73
Western Europe 73
Summary 73
Organic acids and salts 74
Consumption and markets 74
Market participants 76
Prices 78
Active halogen compounds 78
Consumption and markets 78
Market participants 79
Prices 80
Quaternary ammonium compounds 80
Consumption and markets 80
Market participants 82
Prices 83
Organometallics and metalorganics 83
Consumption and markets 83
Market participants 84
Prices 85
Inorganics 86
Consumption and markets 86
Market participants 87
Prices 88
Organosulfur compounds 89
Consumption and markets 89
Market participants 90
Prices 93
Phenolics 93
Consumption and markets 93
Market participants 95
Prices 96
Other biocides 97
Consumption and markets 97
Market participants 99
Prices 101
Mainland China 102
Summary 102
Organic acids and salts 103
Consumption and markets 103
Market participants 105
Prices 109
Active halogen compounds 110
Consumption and markets 110
Market participants 112
Prices 113
Quaternary ammonium compounds 114
Consumption and markets 114
Market participants 115
Prices 116
Organometallics 117
Consumption and markets 117
Market participants 118
Prices 119
Inorganics 120
Consumption and markets 120
Market participants 122
Prices 122
Organosulfur compounds 123
Consumption and markets 123
Market participants 124
Prices 126
Phenolics 126
Consumption and markets 126
Market participants 128
Prices 130
Other biocides 130
Consumption and markets 130
Market participants 132
Prices 133
Japan 134
Summary 134
Organic acids and salts 135
Consumption and markets 135
Market participants 136
Prices 136
Active halogen compounds 136
Consumption and markets 136
Sanitizers and disinfectants 138
Industrial water treatment 138
Swimming pools 139
Market participants 139
Prices 139
Quaternary ammonium compounds 139
Consumption and markets 139
Market participants 141
Prices 142
Organometallics 142
Consumption and markets 142
Market participants 143
Prices 143
Inorganics 144
Consumption and markets 144
Market participants 146
Prices 147
Organosulfur compounds 147
Consumption and markets 147
Market participants 149
Prices 149
Phenolics 150
Consumption and markets 150
Market participants 150
Prices 151
Other biocides 151
Consumption and markets 151
Biocides of natural origin 152
Synthetics 153
Major participants 154
Prices 155
Other Asia 155
South Korea 155
Taiwan 156
India 157
Organic acids and salts 157
Active halogen compounds 159
Quaternary ammonium compounds 160
Other biocides 161
ASEAN countries 161
Organic acids and salts 162
Active halogen compounds 163
Quaternary ammonium biocides 164
Other biocides 165
Oceania 165
End-use markets for biocides 168
North America 168
Swimming pools and spas 168
Wood preservatives (excluding paints) 169
Food and feed preservatives 170
Sanitizers and disinfectants 171
Industrial water treatment 173
Paints, coatings and adhesives 176
Personal care products 177
Other 178
Metalworking fluids 179
Textiles 179
Plastics 180
Western Europe 180
Food and feed preservatives 181
Swimming pools 182
Personal care and pharmaceutical products 183
Sanitizers and disinfectants 184
Wood preservatives (excluding paints) 186
Industrial water treatment 187
Paints and coatings 189
Other 190
Metalworking fluids 190
Leather 190
Adhesives, sealants and glues 191
Textile sizes and finishes 192
Mainland China 192
Food and feed preservatives 193
Sanitizers and disinfectants 194
Industrial water treatment 196
Personal care products 197
Swimming pools and spas 200
Wood preservatives (excluding paints) 201
Paints, coatings and adhesives 203
Other 203
Japan 204
Sanitizers and disinfectants 205
Food and feed preservatives 205
Personal care products 207
Industrial water treatment 208
Swimming pools and spas 209
Paints and coatings 209
Wood preservatives 211
Other 212
Plastics 212
Textiles 214
Metalworking fluids 215
Miscellaneous 215
South Korea 216
Taiwan 217
India 217
ASEAN countries 218
Oceania 219
Appendix 221
Revisions 225
Data Workbook 226

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