中文网站
한국어
Português
Español

Get Support
Commodity Insights LIVE
System Notification

Dashboard
Subscriptions
Personal Info
Interests
Events
Bookmarks
Alerts & Preferences
Logout

Trending Topics

Biofuels and Energy
Commodities 2025
Commodity Pricing & Market Data
Energy Transition
Jet Fuel
Steel & Metals
Upstream & Midstream (Oil & Gas)

Offerings by Division

S&P Global Market Intelligence
S&P Global Ratings
S&P Global Commodity Insights
S&P Dow Jones Indices
S&P Global Mobility
S&P Global Sustainable1

Trending Topics

Biofuels and Energy

Commodities 2025

Commodity Pricing & Market Data

Energy Transition

Jet Fuel

Steel & Metals

Upstream & Midstream (Oil & Gas)

Offerings by Division

S&P Global Market Intelligence

S&P Global Ratings

S&P Global Commodity Insights

S&P Dow Jones Indices

S&P Global Mobility

S&P Global Sustainable1

S&P Global Offerings

market-intelligence

Market Intelligence

Ratings

commodity-insights

Commodity Insights

dow-jones-indices

S&P Dow Jones Indices

Mobility

Sustainable1

Featured Topics

Private Markets

Energy Transition

Technology & AI

Featured Products

S&P Capital IQ Pro

Platts Connect

S&P Global ESG Scores

autocreditinsight

AutoCreditInsight

Ratings360

SPICE: The Index Source for ESG Data

Events

Featured S&P Global Events

Webinar Replays

S&P Global Market Intelligence

S&P Global Ratings

S&P Dow Jones Indices

S&P Global Mobility

S&P Global Commodity Insights

S&P Global Sustainable1

Careers

Search for a Job

S&P Global Home
Market Intelligence
Ratings
Commodity Insights
S&P Dow Jones Indices
Mobility
Sustainable1

S&P Global Offerings

market-intelligence

Market Intelligence

Ratings

commodity-insights

Commodity Insights

dow-jones-indices

S&P Dow Jones Indices

Mobility

Sustainable1

Featured Topics

Private Markets

Energy Transition

Technology & AI

Featured Products

S&P Capital IQ Pro

Platts Connect

S&P Global ESG Scores

autocreditinsight

AutoCreditInsight

Ratings360

SPICE: The Index Source for ESG Data

Events

Featured S&P Global Events

Webinar Replays

S&P Global Market Intelligence

S&P Global Ratings

S&P Dow Jones Indices

S&P Global Mobility

S&P Global Commodity Insights

S&P Global Sustainable1

Careers

Search for a Job

Login

S&P Global Offerings

market-intelligence

Market Intelligence

Ratings

commodity-insights

Commodity Insights

dow-jones-indices

S&P Dow Jones Indices

Mobility

Sustainable1

Featured Topics

Private Markets

Energy Transition

Technology & AI

Featured Products

S&P Capital IQ Pro

Platts Connect

S&P Global ESG Scores

autocreditinsight

AutoCreditInsight

Ratings360

SPICE: The Index Source for ESG Data

Events

Featured S&P Global Events

Webinar Replays

S&P Global Market Intelligence

S&P Global Ratings

S&P Dow Jones Indices

S&P Global Mobility

S&P Global Commodity Insights

S&P Global Sustainable1

Careers

Search for a Job

S&P Global Home
Market Intelligence
Ratings
Commodity Insights
S&P Dow Jones Indices
Mobility
Sustainable1

S&P Global Offerings

market-intelligence

Market Intelligence

Ratings

commodity-insights

Commodity Insights

dow-jones-indices

S&P Dow Jones Indices

Mobility

Sustainable1

Featured Topics

Private Markets

Energy Transition

Technology & AI

Featured Products

S&P Capital IQ Pro

Platts Connect

S&P Global ESG Scores

autocreditinsight

AutoCreditInsight

Ratings360

SPICE: The Index Source for ESG Data

Events

Featured S&P Global Events

Webinar Replays

S&P Global Market Intelligence

S&P Global Ratings

S&P Dow Jones Indices

S&P Global Mobility

S&P Global Commodity Insights

S&P Global Sustainable1

Careers

Search for a Job

Language

中文网站
한국어
Português
Español

Dashboard
Subscriptions
Personal Info
Interests
Events
Bookmarks
Alerts & Preferences
Logout

Support

Get Support
Commodity Insights LIVE
System Notification

Commodity Insights

Subscribe

The Learning Center
Conferences, Training, & Strategic Media

Solutions

Agriculture & Food

Clean Energy Technology

Carbon & Scenarios

Fuels & Refined Products

Upstream & Midstream (Oil & Gas)

Capabilities

Market Insights

Commodity Pricing & Market Data

Energy Transition

Delivery Platforms

Platts Connect

data-distribution

Data & Distribution

The Learning Center
Conferences, Training, & Strategic Media

Solutions

Agriculture & Food

Clean Energy Technology

Carbon & Scenarios

Fuels & Refined Products

Upstream & Midstream (Oil & Gas)

Capabilities

Market Insights

Commodity Pricing & Market Data

Energy Transition

Delivery Platforms

Platts Connect

data-distribution

Data & Distribution

News & Research

Special Reports

Commodity Insights Magazine

Commodity Insights LIVE

Market Insights Recommendations

News & Research

Special Reports

Commodity Insights Magazine

Commodity Insights LIVE

Market Insights Recommendations

Subscriber Notes
Corrections
Holiday Publication Schedule
Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues
Complaints

Our Methodology

Our Methodology

Methodology Review & Change

Market On Close

Price Assessments & Benchmarks

Methodology & Specifications

Symbol Search & Directories

MOC Participation Guidelines

Reference Documents

Methodology & Participation

MOC Participation Guidelines*

Methodology Review & Change

Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues*

Reference Tools

Holiday Publication Schedule*

Conversion Tables*

Subscriber Notes
Corrections
Holiday Publication Schedule
Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues
Complaints

Our Methodology

Our Methodology

Methodology Review & Change

Market On Close

Price Assessments & Benchmarks

Methodology & Specifications

Symbol Search & Directories

MOC Participation Guidelines

Reference Documents

Methodology & Participation

MOC Participation Guidelines*

Methodology Review & Change

Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues*

Reference Tools

Holiday Publication Schedule*

Conversion Tables*

Conferences
Forums
Webinars
Methodology Education
Training
All Events

Featured Events

CERAWeek

Global Energy Awards (GEA)

World Petrochemical Conference (WPC)

Global Power Markets (GPM)

APPEC

london-energy-forum

London Energy Forum

S&P Global

Intro to Credit Ratings

ESG in Credit Ratings

Ratings Actions

Products & Benefits

S&P Global Offerings

Credit Rating History

Understanding Credit Ratings

Intro to Credit Ratings

ABOUT RATINGS

Intro to Credit Ratings

S&P Dow Jones Indices

S&P Global Market Intelligence

S&P Global Mobility

S&P Global Commodity Insights

REGULATORY

Ratings Actions

EVENTS

S&P Global Sustainable1

S&P Global Ratings

S&P Global Market Intelligence

S&P Global

SECTORS

ABOUT RATINGS

Intro to Credit Ratings

Research & Insights

Intro to Credit Ratings

Fixed Income Issuance

Ratings Actions

Intro to Credit Ratings

Understanding Credit Ratings

Ratings Actions

S&P Global

Contact Us

Contact Us

ABOUT RATINGS

Credit Rating History

S&P Global Mobility

Understanding Credit Ratings

Intro to Credit Ratings

ESG in Credit Ratings

ESG in Credit Ratings

Ratings Actions

S&P Global Market Intelligence

S&P Global Mobility

S&P Global Commodity Insights

S&P Global Ratings

S&P Global Sustainable1

Understanding Credit Ratings

Intro to Credit Ratings

ESG in Credit Ratings

Conferences
Forums
Webinars
Methodology Education
Training
All Events

Featured Events

CERAWeek

Global Energy Awards (GEA)

World Petrochemical Conference (WPC)

Global Power Markets (GPM)

APPEC

london-energy-forum

London Energy Forum

S&P Global

Intro to Credit Ratings

ESG in Credit Ratings

Ratings Actions

Products & Benefits

S&P Global Offerings

Credit Rating History

Understanding Credit Ratings

Intro to Credit Ratings

ABOUT RATINGS

Intro to Credit Ratings

S&P Dow Jones Indices

S&P Global Market Intelligence

S&P Global Mobility

S&P Global Commodity Insights

REGULATORY

Ratings Actions

EVENTS

S&P Global Sustainable1

S&P Global Ratings

S&P Global Market Intelligence

S&P Global

SECTORS

ABOUT RATINGS

Intro to Credit Ratings

Research & Insights

Intro to Credit Ratings

Fixed Income Issuance

Ratings Actions

Intro to Credit Ratings

Understanding Credit Ratings

Ratings Actions

S&P Global

Contact Us

ABOUT RATINGS

Credit Rating History

S&P Global Mobility

Understanding Credit Ratings

Intro to Credit Ratings

ESG in Credit Ratings

ESG in Credit Ratings

Ratings Actions

S&P Global Market Intelligence

S&P Global Mobility

S&P Global Commodity Insights

S&P Global Ratings

S&P Global Sustainable1

Understanding Credit Ratings

Intro to Credit Ratings

ESG in Credit Ratings

About Commodity Insights

Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues

Commodity Insights LIVE

About Commodity Insights

Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues

Commodity Insights LIVE

S&P Global / Commodity Insights

Sustainable1

The Learning Center
Conferences, Training, & Strategic Media

Solutions

Agriculture & Food

Clean Energy Technology

Carbon & Scenarios

Fuels & Refined Products

Upstream & Midstream (Oil & Gas)

Capabilities

Market Insights

Commodity Pricing & Market Data

Energy Transition

Delivery Platforms

Platts Connect

data-distribution

Data & Distribution

The Learning Center
Conferences, Training, & Strategic Media

Solutions

Agriculture & Food

Clean Energy Technology

Carbon & Scenarios

Fuels & Refined Products

Upstream & Midstream (Oil & Gas)

Capabilities

Market Insights

Commodity Pricing & Market Data

Energy Transition

Delivery Platforms

Platts Connect

data-distribution

Data & Distribution

News & Research

Special Reports

Commodity Insights Magazine

Commodity Insights LIVE

Market Insights Recommendations

News & Research

Special Reports

Commodity Insights Magazine

Commodity Insights LIVE

Market Insights Recommendations

Subscriber Notes
Corrections
Holiday Publication Schedule
Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues
Complaints

Our Methodology

Our Methodology

Methodology Review & Change

Market On Close

Price Assessments & Benchmarks

Methodology & Specifications

Symbol Search & Directories

MOC Participation Guidelines

Reference Documents

Methodology & Participation

MOC Participation Guidelines*

Methodology Review & Change

Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues*

Reference Tools

Holiday Publication Schedule*

Conversion Tables*

Subscriber Notes
Corrections
Holiday Publication Schedule
Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues
Complaints

Our Methodology

Our Methodology

Methodology Review & Change

Market On Close

Price Assessments & Benchmarks

Methodology & Specifications

Symbol Search & Directories

MOC Participation Guidelines

Reference Documents

Methodology & Participation

MOC Participation Guidelines*

Methodology Review & Change

Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues*

Reference Tools

Holiday Publication Schedule*

Conversion Tables*

Conferences
Forums
Webinars
Methodology Education
Training
All Events

Featured Events

CERAWeek

Global Energy Awards (GEA)

World Petrochemical Conference (WPC)

Global Power Markets (GPM)

APPEC

london-energy-forum

London Energy Forum

S&P Global

Intro to Credit Ratings

ESG in Credit Ratings

Ratings Actions

Products & Benefits

S&P Global Offerings

Credit Rating History

Understanding Credit Ratings

Intro to Credit Ratings

ABOUT RATINGS

Intro to Credit Ratings

S&P Dow Jones Indices

S&P Global Market Intelligence

S&P Global Mobility

S&P Global Commodity Insights

REGULATORY

Ratings Actions

EVENTS

S&P Global Sustainable1

S&P Global Ratings

S&P Global Market Intelligence

S&P Global

SECTORS

ABOUT RATINGS

Intro to Credit Ratings

Research & Insights

Intro to Credit Ratings

Fixed Income Issuance

Ratings Actions

Intro to Credit Ratings

Understanding Credit Ratings

Ratings Actions

S&P Global

Contact Us

Contact Us

ABOUT RATINGS

Credit Rating History

S&P Global Mobility

Understanding Credit Ratings

Intro to Credit Ratings

ESG in Credit Ratings

ESG in Credit Ratings

Ratings Actions

S&P Global Market Intelligence

S&P Global Mobility

S&P Global Commodity Insights

S&P Global Ratings

S&P Global Sustainable1

Understanding Credit Ratings

Intro to Credit Ratings

ESG in Credit Ratings

Conferences
Forums
Webinars
Methodology Education
Training
All Events

Featured Events

CERAWeek

Global Energy Awards (GEA)

World Petrochemical Conference (WPC)

Global Power Markets (GPM)

APPEC

london-energy-forum

London Energy Forum

S&P Global

Intro to Credit Ratings

ESG in Credit Ratings

Ratings Actions

Products & Benefits

S&P Global Offerings

Credit Rating History

Understanding Credit Ratings

Intro to Credit Ratings

ABOUT RATINGS

Intro to Credit Ratings

S&P Dow Jones Indices

S&P Global Market Intelligence

S&P Global Mobility

S&P Global Commodity Insights

REGULATORY

Ratings Actions

EVENTS

S&P Global Sustainable1

S&P Global Ratings

S&P Global Market Intelligence

S&P Global

SECTORS

ABOUT RATINGS

Intro to Credit Ratings

Research & Insights

Intro to Credit Ratings

Fixed Income Issuance

Ratings Actions

Intro to Credit Ratings

Understanding Credit Ratings

Ratings Actions

S&P Global

Contact Us

ABOUT RATINGS

Credit Rating History

S&P Global Mobility

Understanding Credit Ratings

Intro to Credit Ratings

ESG in Credit Ratings

ESG in Credit Ratings

Ratings Actions

S&P Global Market Intelligence

S&P Global Mobility

S&P Global Commodity Insights

S&P Global Ratings

S&P Global Sustainable1

Understanding Credit Ratings

Intro to Credit Ratings

ESG in Credit Ratings

About Commodity Insights

Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues

Commodity Insights LIVE

About Commodity Insights

Regulatory Engagement & Market Issues

Commodity Insights LIVE

Commodity Insights

Subscribe

Subscribe

/ Commodity Insights
/ Subscriber Notes
/ S&P Global Commodity Insights

Subscriber Notes

2/28/2023 4:59:50 PM

CI Homepage

Follow Us

Our Purpose
Our Values
Our History
Ventures
Press Center
Careers at S&P Global Commodity Insights

Investor Relations
Overview
News Releases
Quarterly Earnings
SEC Filings & Reports

Contact Us
Sales & Support
Support by Division
Reports an Ethics concern
Office Locations
Advertisers

Our Organization
Careers
Corporate Responsibility
Leadership
IOSCO ESG Rating & Data Product Statements
About S&P Global Commodity Insights

Terms of Use
Cookie Notice
Privacy Policy
Client Privacy Portal
Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information
© 2025 S&P Global