REFINERY NEWS ROUNDUP: Refineries in India ramp up runs

London — Refineries in India have been ramping up runs after demand for products, excluding jet, reached pre-coronavirus levels.

Average capacity utilization for all categories of refineries in India improved to 87% in October compared with 86% in the previous month, showed the latest survey of the oil ministry Nov. 25, reflecting gradual improvement in oil demand as Asia's third-largest economy unlocks. However, the October run was lower than the previous year's run rate of 104%. In October, state-run refineries recorded 89% run compared with 104% from a year ago and 83% in September. Private refineries recorded 80% run in October compared with 103% a year-ago and 89% in September. The private refiners' lower run rate was mainly due to lower processing at Reliance operated export focused unit at 82% after maintenance shutdown of a Crude Distillation Unit at its Jamnagar complex and a poor run of Rosneft part-owned Nayara Energy at 33%.

** India's No.1 state-owned refiner Indian Oil Corp. has been running its plants at full capacity since early November as demand for fuels except jet reached pre-coronavirus levels. IOC's processing demand for gasoline and diesel reached the pre-coronavirus level by the end of October.

** India's Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Ltd. is running at 90% as demand for diesel and gasoline increased in the South Indian retail markets with the unlocking of the economy, company officials said Nov. 27. In October, MRPL recorded a 57% run rate compared with 66% in September, according to the oil ministry update. MRPL ran at 71% in August, 60% in July, 51% in June, 44% in May, and 54% in April.

** India's state-owned refiner Bharat Petroleum Corp. Ltd. has returned operation levels at its Kochi and Mumbai refineries to near full capacity, a company source said Nov. 16.

** India's Chennai Petroleum Corp. Ltd-owned Manali refinery is operating at a run rate of 95% following an improvement in demand after the fifth phase of the unlock of Asia's third-largest economy.

** Shell will halve the crude processing capacity at its Pulau Bukom refinery in Singapore as part of the energy major's initiative to reduce its CO2 emissions to net zero by 2050, it said Nov. 10. "Bukom will pivot from a crude oil, fuels-based product slate towards new, low-carbon value chains," the company said. "We will reduce our crude processing capacity by about half and aim to deliver a significant reduction in CO2 emissions."

** South Korea's top refiner SK Energy reduced its oil product output by 13.3% in the first nine months of 2020 as it lowered crude run rates in response to weaker demand amid the coronavirus pandemic, a company official said Nov. 18. "The company's oil product output is expected to keep declining in the fourth quarter as it is further lowering crude run rates," the official said, adding the refiner would not raise crude throughput in the first half of next year. As part of efforts to cut its crude run rate, SK Energy has shut its No. 3 CDU with a capacity of 170,000 b/d since late September, earlier than originally scheduled, according to a separate source at the company. The source refused to provide details on when SK Energy will restart the No. 3 CDU, but indicated the shutdown is likely to be longer than a usual maintenance as they are seeking to keep its crude run rate lower amid the pandemic.

** Indonesia's state-owned Pertamina was reported to be keeping the run rate at its Balikpapan refinery in East Kalimantan steady at around 80% in November, matching October levels as the country's domestic demand for gasoline holds steady. Industry sources with knowledge of the matter noted that the refinery has no plans to raise its run rate back to 100%, as refining margins across the barrel remain poor.

** Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corp plans to shut down its Tabangao refinery and transform the facility into an import terminal, the company said in a statement. The refinery has been shut since May 24, having been idled due to weak demand for domestic products.

** Philippines' Petron plans to maintain the operating rate at its 180,000 b/d Bataan refinery at 100% of capacity in November, after it restarted some of the units in September and resumed "normal" run rates in October, a source close to the company said. The high run rate was attributed to a steady recovery in oil product demand. The facility had shut its units in May for prolonged maintenance work, to mitigate the impact of low fuel demand and poor refining margins. The company has previously said that the Bataan plant may close should discussions regarding customs tax with the government fall through.

** New Zealand's Refining NZ has proposed lowering throughput at the country's sole refinery by 33% in 2021 in an attempt to keep the facility running at a "cash neutral" position amid ongoing discussions regarding its transition to an import terminal. The company in a statement said it was proposing to simplify operations by lowering the refinery's throughput to around 90,000 b/d or two-thirds of its capacity and ceasing bitumen production. Discussions are also continuing on plans to convert the Marsden Point refinery into an import terminal.

** Australia's second-largest refiner Viva Energy has again signaled the possible closure of its Geelong refinery, faced with thin margins and prolonged lackluster demand for refined oil products. "The company is assessing other options to address operating losses, including the possibility of moving to a full shutdown of the facility," Viva Energy said in a statement on its website.

** Ampol, formally Caltex Australia, has announced the start of a "comprehensive review" of its Lytton refinery in Brisbane as a prolonged period of poor refining margins and an uncertain outlook threaten the closure of the facility. "The review will consider all options for the facility's operations and for the connected supply chains and markets it serves," Ampol said in the statement on its website. "These options include closure and permanent transition to an import model, the continuation of existing refining operations and other alternate models of operation, including the necessary investments required to execute each of the options," the company added. In addition to poor product demand as a result of movement restrictions to contain the spread of COVID-19, the company also attributed the Q3 loss to maintenance works at the refinery that had been brought forward to mid-May and extended by almost four months. The refinery restarted in early September and is expected to run at around 75% of capacity in Q4.

** The Maritime Union of Australia has urged the federal government to nationalize BP's Kwinana oil refinery, rather than allow it to be closed. BP Australia on Oct. 30 said it was planning to shut its Kwinana refinery and convert it into a fuel import terminal, in a strategy aimed to better meet the needs of a changing oil market. The continued growth of large-scale, export-oriented refineries throughout Asia and the Middle East has structurally changed the Australian market, BP said, adding that regional oversupply and sustained low refining margins mean the Kwinana refinery is no longer economically viable.

** Vietnam's Nghi Son refinery will keep its operating run rate above 100% of capacity in the near term, even as a buildup of inventories put domestic buyers under pressure, industry sources with close knowledge of the matter said.

** Thailand's PTT Global Chemical plans to raise run rates at its refinery in Map Ta Phut to over 90% in December, from 80%-90% in November, due to improving margins, a source close to the matter said Nov. 24.

In other news, India's Paradip and Manali refineries have escaped the impact of a severe cyclone on the country's east coast at the end of November.

Meanwhile, India's largest state-run refiner Indian Oil Corp., or IOC, has introduced the first-ever 100 Octane value gasoline grade for high-end vehicles for select cities, company officials said Dec. 4. The new premium gasoline grade has been planned to roll out in two phases. In the first phase, launched Dec. 1, ten cities including the metropolis of Delhi and Mumbai have been covered. The two other metropolises - Kolkata and Chennai - will be covered in the second phase along with three other cities.

"With this fuel, India has joined the league of select countries worldwide where petrol with 100 or higher Octane number is sold," said Dharmendra Pradhan, India's oil minister.

The high octane gasoline grade has been produced at IOC's Mathura refinery in north India by using in-house technology.

NEW AND ONGOING MAINTENANCE

UPGRADES

LAUNCHES

New and ongoing maintenance

Asia-Pacific

** Taiwan's Formosa Petrochemical planned to shut the delayed coker at its 540,000 b/d Mailiao refinery for a 55-day turnaround from Dec. 1, a company spokesman said. The unit has been running at 32,400 b/d, or 90% of capacity, he added. Formosa also shut its 180,000 b/d No. 3 crude distillation unit at Mailiao in the week starting Nov. 23 amid weak margins. Formosa's No. 2 RDS was shut July 15 after a fire, with the restart planned for April 2021 at the earliest, S&P Global Platts reported previously.

Existing entries

Asia-Pacific

** Taiwan's state-run CPC plans to shut the crude distillation unit at its Taoyuan refinery for 45 days' maintenance from mid-December, a source with knowledge of the matter said. The shutdown of this CDU will overlap with maintenance at another CDU at CPC's Dalin refinery.

** Taiwan's CPC is currently conducting maintenance at a 100,000 b/d CDU at its Dalin refinery that began earlier in November and will take 60 days to complete.

** Viva Energy, Australia's second-largest refiner, said it was delaying planned maintenance at its hydrofluoric acid alkylation unit to 2021 from later this year.

** South Korea's SK Energy's Ulsan has shut its No. 3 crude distillation unit with a capacity of 170,000 b/d since late-September, earlier than original schedule of maintenance, for an unfixed period to lower crude run rate in response to poor refining margins. The refiner originally planned to close the No. 3 CDU for maintenance for several weeks in the fourth quarter, but has shut it earlier than schedule to cope with falling refining margins. The company has also shut its 80,000 b/d No. 2 RHDS, or residue hydro-desulfurization unit, since mid-October for maintenance.

** New Zealand's Marsden Point will undergo a scheduled turnaround at its No.1 crude distillation unit and continuous catalytic reforming platformer in 2021 that had been originally planned for 2020, the duration of which could not be confirmed.

** Pilipinas Shell Petroleum Corp. will be shutting down its Tabangao refinery, transforming the facility into an import terminal, the company said in a statement released on its website Aug. 13. The refinery has been shut since May 24, having been idled due to weak domestic product demand.

** Sri Lankan Ceylon Petroleum Corp.'s Sapugaskanda refinery in 2021 is slated to undergo "a predicted full shutdown [that] is scheduled every two years generally," the company said in the statement. The exact period and duration of the turnaround has yet to be announced.

Upgrades

New and ongoing maintenance

** Indonesia's TPPI has laid out the next steps of its upgrading works at its Tuban refinery, setting 2024 as the target for the completion of its new Olefin Project. The new Olefin Project, which will consist of the construction of a new naphtha cracker as well as the necessary downstream units, will provide the facility an additional "1 million mt/year Polyethylene products and 600,000 mt/year Polyethylene," according to the company statement. In addition the Olefin project, TPPI will also continue its Aromatic Revamping project, which will "increase petrochemical production in the form of Paraxylene from 600,000 mt/year to 780,000 mt/year," added the statement. The Olefin Project is slated for completion by 2024 while the Aromatic Revamping project will complete by 2022. Since September, TPPI has restarted the its production of aromatics at the refinery, having tweaked its output away from full-gasoline mode to a combination of both aromatics and motor-fuel production, Platts reported earlier. The change was spurred by improving margins for aromatics, while gasoline demand remained suppressed amid the continued domestic transmission of the coronavirus.

Existing entries

** Two separate consortiums have submitted bids for the engineering, procurement and construction contract to build, upgrade and expand project of Dung Quat refinery in central Vietnam, Dung Quat's operator Binh Son Refining and Petrochemical said. They is a consortium of Hyundai Engineering & Construction Co. Ltd. and Hyundai Engineering Co., Ltd.; and consortium of Technip Italy, Technip Geoproduction (M) Sdn Bhd, Technip France, PetroVietnam Technical Services Corp. and Vietnam's Lilama Corp. The upgrade will raise the capacity of Dung Quat to 8.5 million mt/year from current 6.5 million mt/year. The project will enable the refinery to diversify its crude inputs and meet Euro-V standards for its fuels.

** Pakistan's Attock Refinery has planned to install a hydrocracking facility, Attock Refinery Limited told analysts. An international consultant would be hired for finalizing the terms of the investment. The company is in talks with the government for setting up joint upgrade projects including the hydrocracking facility and also mandatory lifting of local refineries' products by the oil marketing companies. Attock Refinery is considering two upgrade projects, including the hydrocracker as well as a Continuous Catalyst Regeneration (CCR), the company's officials told the analysts. After the implementation of these projects, Attock Refinery would be able to produce Euro V compliant gasoline and diesel along with full conversion of naphtha into mogas.

** The Pakistan National Refinery has issued shares in order to upgrade and expand the plant into a deep conversion refinery, according to market sources and company documents. The proceeds will be used to revamp units and increase the gasoline and diesel yield.

** Pakistan's Byco Petroleum Pakistan said it plans to build an aromatics plant with a capacity of 27,300 b/d to produce benzene, mixed xylene, paraxylene, orthoxylene, C9 and raffinate.

** State-run Indian Oil Corp-owned Gujarat refinery's capacity expansion project is set to be over by Sept.30 2024, company officials said, a delay of one and a half years from the previous deadline. The delay is primarily due to the rescheduling of the project execution timelines for the pending projects as a result of the coronavirus pandemic. The initial deadline for the capacity expansion project was contemplated for 2020. The expansion plan will help the refinery on the west coast to process cheaper heavy crude grades and improve profitability. The refinery with its expanded capacities would process crude grades from Kuwait, Basrah light (Iraq), Mangla from Rajasthan, and local grades from the oil fields of north and south of Gujarat. Under the expansion project, the existing smaller capacity atmospheric unit and vacuum units will be replaced by a large atmospheric vacuum unit (AVU) for raising the operational efficiency of the refinery. The project also involves a revamp of the existing hydrogen generation unit for the production of syngas and hydrogen, a new n-butanol processing unit and a revamp of the linear alkylbenzenes (LAB) unit.

** Indian Oil Corp. owned Paradip refinery will install the first stage of a Grassroot Needle Coker Unit by using its own in-house technology. The proposed unit will have a Calcined Needle Coke, or CNC, production capacity of 56 kilotons/year. Currently, the entire Needle Coke requirement of the country (80-100 kilotons/year) is met via imports. The company does not plan any expansion for its Paradip refinery, whose overall capacity is 15 million mt/yr.

** HPCL's $3.2 billion project to expand Vizag's capacity to 300,000 b/d is in advance stage of completion, company officials said. Originally, the expansion project was scheduled for completion in July 2020. But officials did not provide any specific timeframe for the completion of the project. The project aims to install primary processing units such as a CDU, replacing one of the three existing CDUs, a hydrocracker, and a naphtha isomerization unit.

** IOC's refinery in the western state Gujarat will have the largest capacity among its portfolio of refineries by 2022-23, company officials said. IOC plans to raise the capacity of the Gujarat refinery to 360,000 b/d by March 2023 from the current 275,000 b/d.

** IOC plans to expand the atmospheric and vacuum unit at its Barauni refinery to boost its overall capacity to 9 million mt/year by 2021.

** Reliance Industries Ltd. has received clearance to raise the capacity of its export-oriented Jamnagar refinery on the west coast of India by 17% to 41 million mt (820,000 b/d). By 2030, RIL aims to raise its total refining capacity -- including its domestic-focused refinery -- at Jamnagar to 98.2 million mt/year. Reliance currently is 1.37 million b/d, of it 707,000 b/d for the export and 660,000 b/d domestic. The export one will increase capacity to 820,000 b/d. By 2030, it aims to raise its overall capacity to 1.96 million b/d.

** India's IOC plans to raise the capacity of its Panipat refinery to 25 million mt/year by 2021 to meet growing demand for oil products. The refinery's capacity is 15 million mt/year.

** India's cabinet has approved a project to expand the capacity of the Numaligarh refinery to 9 million mt/year from 3 million mt/year.

** Nayara Energy is seeking the renewal of environmental approval to double capacity at its Vadinar refinery as the previous approval had been given to Essar Oil. It had planned to double the refining capacity at Vadinar to 40 million mt/year.

** IOC has signed up energy technology and infrastructure solutions provider CB&I for a residue upgrading unit at its Mathura refinery in north India.

** Hengyi Industries plans to more than double the capacity at its integrated refinery and aromatics complex in Brunei to around 455,000 b/d, from its current 160,000 b/d, over three years. The expansion will raise the refinery's gasoline output by 2.55 million mt/year, gasoil by 1.94 million mt/year, jet fuel by 1.84 million mt/year and LPG by 190,000 mt/year. The refinery currently has a combined gasoline, diesel and jet fuel output of around 6 million mt/year. There are also plans to increase olefin/polyolefin production capacity.

** Indonesia's Pertamina is planning to build a petrochemical plant at its Balongan refinery in West Java and will cooperate in the project with Taiwan's CPC. The project is expected to be completed in 2026. Pertamina will build the project in three phases. The first phase is to increase refining capacity from to 150,000 b/d by 2022 from 125,000 b/d currently. The second and third phase will increase the product yield from the refinery, including from the new petrochemical plant. Under the plan, Pertamina and CPC will build a naphtha cracker that is expected to substitute imports. The naphtha cracker will produce at least 1 million mt/year of ethylene. Pertamina is also cooperating with Abu Dhabi National Oil Company (ADNOC) in the Balongan refinery project.

** Hyundai Engineering has won a $2.17 billion deal to upgrade the Balikpapan refinery in Indonesia. Hyundai Engineering will "be responsible for the engineering, procurement and construction for the facility upgrade," which would take 53 months for completion and increase the refinery's capacity from 260,000 b/d to 360,000 b/d. Completion was expected in 2023. Separately, Indonesia's Pertamina and Mubadala signed a Refinery Investment Principle Agreement to evaluate any possibility to cooperate in processing sector, including to accelerate Pertamina's Balikpapan project that is expected to require about $5.5 billion of investment.

** Indonesia's state-owned oil and gas company Pertamina will use Honeywell UOP technologies to produce advanced biofuels at its Plaju and Cilacap refineries. Honeywell said. "Pertamina chose to work with UOP to build a greenfield biorefinery at Plaju and revamp its Cilacap refinery," Honeywell said. The biorefinery in Plaju will produce 20,000 b/d of vegetable oils and fat to produce renewable jet fuel, renewable diesel fuel and green LPG at the Plaju refinery. The Cilacap refinery will be revamped to process 6,000 b/d of vegetable oils and fats to produce advanced biofuels. Separately, Pertamina will go ahead and revamp its Cilacap refinery without Saudi Aramco, raising capacity from 348,000 b/d to 370,000 b/d. The company had signed a heads of agreement on the revamp project in November 2015 with the Saudi oil major, but Aramco did not accept the figure that Pertamina had given on asset valuation, Platts has reported. Pertamina now plans to find other partners to work on the project. Originally the project was expected to be completed in 2022 but now it may be delayed to 2023. After the project is completed, Pertamina will be able to produce an additional 80,000 b/d of gasoline, 60,000 b/d of diesel and 40,000 b/d of jet fuel from Cilacap. The project includes increasing the crude distillation unit's capacity; raising the residual fluid catalytic cracking unit's capacity from 62,000 b/d to 81,000 b/d and adding a new 43,000 b/d hydro cracking unit.

** SK Energy has delayed full operation at its newly built 40,000 b/d desulfurization unit due to "deterioration in market conditions" in the wake of the coronavirus pandemic. The refiner completed mechanical construction of the vacuum residue desulfurization, or VRDS, unit on January 31, three months ahead of original schedule, to supply IMO 2020 low sulfur marine fuels to the market. The company previously aimed to start commercial production by the end of March.

** At Thailand's Bangchak Petroleum an expansion plan is under way to ramp up the 120,000 b/d refinery's production capacity to 140,000 b/d, through installation of a continuous catalyst regeneration unit. Under the expansion plan, the company will also debottleneck the hydrocracker, which could expand the refinery's production capacity by 10%.

** Saudi Aramco and S-Oil signed a memorandum of understanding to collaborate on a $6 billion steam cracker and olefin downstream project at Onsan due for completion in 2024, which will produce ethylene and other basic chemicals from naphtha and off-gas.

** ExxonMobil announced a final investment decision at its Singapore complex. The project includes an expansion aimed at converting "fuel oil and other bottom-of-the-barrel crude products into higher-value lube base stocks and distillates." Startup is set for 2023. The expansion will add capacity to increase cleaner fuels output with lower sulfur content by 48,000 b/d.

** Petron plans to expand and upgrade its Bataan refinery in Limay, increasing its capacity by 55% to produce 75,000 b/d of refined products and 1 million mt/year of aromatics. There was no timeline for when the expansion will take place. The refinery's capacity will be increased by 100,000 b/d of condensates and light crude oils, from current capacity of 180,000 b/d.

** The Philippines' Petron Corp. has been considering a plan to more than double capacity at its 88,000 b/d Port Dickson refinery in Malaysia to 178,000 b/d.

Launches

Existing entries

** Malaysia's Pengerang Refining and Petrochemical, also known as PRefChem, is scheduled for a Q1 2021 start-up, Petronas said Nov. 18. The start which was initially scheduled for September has been delayed to early 2021, S&P Global Platts reported previously. After a March fire at a diesel unit at Malaysia's PRefChem refinery, also known as RAPID, all facilities were in shutdown, Platts reported at the time. This was the second major incident at the Pengerang Integrated Complex, which was started up in Q3 2019. In April 2019, there was an explosion and fire at the atmospheric residue desulfurization unit when the refinery was in the commissioning stage.

** India's proposed new 1.2 million b/d Ratnagiri refinery on the west coast is still facing delay due to "local issues", the country's Minister of Petroleum & Natural Gas and Minister of Steel Dharmendra Pradhan said Oct. 13. Construction at the site was expected to start this year but there have been issues relating to land acquisition which had stalled the project. The location of the project has already moved once, from Ratnagiri district to Raigad district. The refinery is now expected to be commissioned in 2025, according to industry sources.

** Chennai Petroleum Corp. Ltd's proposed 9 million mt refinery at Cauvery Basin in South India has received clearance from an environment ministry panel, company officials said. The refinery project has been approved by CPCL's parent company Indian Oil Corp., India's No.1 state-owned refiner. IOC holds a 51.89% share in CPCL. The proposed project will be a state-of-the-art modern refinery cum petrochemical project, including a polypropylene unit. The refinery will have capacities to produce around 4 million mt/year diesel, 1.8 million mt/y gasoline, both Euro 6 grades and 0.6 million m/y of LPG, and 0.3 million mt/y jet fuel. The refinery will be designed to process 50% each of a mix of Basrah Light, Basrah Heavy grades and 100% with respect to Iranian Light. CPCL currently operates two refineries with a combined capacity of 11.5 million mt/year in Tamil Nadu.

** Pak-Arab Oil Refinery Limited will start physical works on its coastal refinery in H1 2021, after almost 13-years of consecutive delays to the project, industry sources with close knowledge of the matter said. Following the start of the works, the refinery is expected to come online in 2025-2026, and will increase the country's refining capacity by 250,000 b/d. PARCO also operates the 100,000 b/d Mid-Country Refinery in Mahmoodkot. The project for the coastal refinery was approved in 2007, but construction was subsequently delayed due to issues regarding funding.

** Infrastructure for Mongolia's first refinery in Dornogobi (Dornogovi) has been completed with construction of the groundwork for the refinery's site underway, according to local media report. It is operated by the state owned Mongolian Oil Refinery. Mongolia's first refinery is expected to reach full capacity by 2026, S&P Global Platts has previously reported.

** Indonesia's Pertamina decided to postpone the construction of a proposed 300,000 b/d Bontang refinery in East Kalimantan, a senior official said. "Bontang is still on the list, but currently we are focusing on the existing ones," Pertamina's mega project refinery and petrochemical director Ignatius Tallulembang said, adding that upgrading the existing refineries is "our priority". Ignatius Tallulembang said that the construction has been going on "but our partner stopped. So we hold the project while we are assessing more detail on oil supply and demand. If everything is clear, we will discuss again with our stake holders." The proposed refinery is targeted to produce at least 60,000 b/d of gasoline and 124,000 b/d of diesel and the products will meet Euro IV specifications, with Pertamina prioritizing domestic marketing first.

** A Rosneft and Pertamina joint venture has signed a contract with Spanish Tecnicas Reunidas to design the construction of an oil refinery and petrochemical complex in Tuban, Indonesia, Rosneft said.

Commissioning of the plant in East Java is expected within the next five years. Primary processing design capacity is planned at up to 15 million mt/year, planned capacity at the petrochemical complex includes more than 1 million mt/year for ethylene and 1.3 million mt/year for aromatic hydrocarbons.

** Sri Lanka has approved a $20 billion refinery project at the port town of Hambantota. The announcement follows the inauguration of a smaller refinery complex at the port, which has backing from the Oman Oil Company.

** Iran remains open to investing in a planned expansion project by Chennai Petroleum Corp Ltd to set up a 180,000 b/d refinery at Cauvery Basin at Nagapattinam, in the southern Indian state of Tamil Nadhu, Indian oil ministry officials said. IOC holds a 51.9% share in CPCL, while NIOC holds 15.4% through Swiss subsidiary Naftiran Intertrade.

** Global trader Vitol is looking to build a 30,000 b/d refinery in southern Malaysia's Johor state. The project involves a simple refinery to be built at Tanjung Bin at VTTI's ATB tank farm. ATB, or ATT Tanjung Bin Sdn Bhd, is a terminal 100% owned by VTTI. Vitol co-owns VTTI.

** Haldia Petrochemicals Ltd.'s proposal to invest $4.05 billion in an integrated refinery and petrochemicals facility in Balasore, India, has been granted approval by the Odisha government.

** Pakistan and Saudi Arabia are in talks to develop a 200,000-300,000 b/d refinery in Balochistan's Gwadar district for $10 billion.

** A new HPCL project in Barmer, India, is due for completion by March 2023.

** India's big refinery project in Maharashtra, being developed by state-owned IOC, HPCL and BPCL, will start up around 2022-23.