08 June 2023 Ravi Amin
Recent regulatory guidance and updates with highlight of specific goods and countries of risk for Air Cargo Operators.
Discover more about S&P Global’s offerings
Customer Logins
Obtain the data you need to make the most informed decisions by accessing our extensive portfolio of information, analytics, and expertise. Sign in to the product or service center of your choice.
Customer LoginsMaritime, Trade & Supply Chain Research and Analysis
Exclusive insights & analysis covering global trade and the wider maritime industry
Engage with our team of experts as we explore trade patterns, new regulations as well as regional & global trends.
{
"speed": 600,
"fade": false,
"dots": false,
"arrows": false,
"autoplay":true,
"autoplaySpeed":4000
}
Featured
Browse Content
-
-
17 May 2023 Byron McKinney
This paper analyses shipping companies founded and incorporated in 2022 and their potential relationships with Russia. By uncovering a previously...
-
25 April 2023 Mark Szakonyi
The idea of a major global marine terminal operator not expanding its reach beyond its truck gates and docks seems almost trite. Yet, PSA International's...
-
20 April 2023 Ari Ashe
Over the last two years, US cargo owners have been hit with demurrage penalties at inland rail ramps that were never issued before the market-altering...
-
14 April 2023 Byron McKinney
This paper explores vessel risk based upon whether Group Ownership information is known or unknown for each vessel alongside identified compliance...
-
13 April 2023 Peter Tirschwell
Following the spectacle of ocean container shipping being thrust into public view during the COVID-19 pandemic, thanks in no small degree to...
-
12 April 2023 Eric Johnson
The manner in which ocean carriers and marine terminals assess fees to importers for containers that dwell at port yards beyond contractual free...
-
29 March 2023 Mark Szakonyi
Forecasts for a significant recovery in US retail imports in the second half of 2023 seem to darken by the day. The weakening US housing construction...
-
17 March 2023 Byron McKinney
While an exact number in the shadow fleet would be difficult to determine, there are certain vessels with particular characteristics and patterns...
-
09 March 2023 Greg Knowler
Mediterranean Shipping Co. (MSC) is scheduled to take delivery of more than 1 million TEU in capacity over the next two years with an orderbook...
-
15 February 2023 Krzysztof Ziolkowski
Exploring factors affecting global meat trade
-
02 February 2023 Peter Tirschwell
No one remotely familiar with container shipping, when they first saw the Jan. 25 announcement of the breakup of the 2M alliance, failed to recognize...
-
01 February 2023 Mark Szakonyi
Efforts by US importers to reduce their reliance on China to mitigate the risks of pandemic-driven disruption and rising geopolitical tensions...
-
27 January 2023 Bill Mongelluzzo
Frustration is growing among West Coast port officials, shippers, and truckers over a string of recent job actions by dockworkers that are disrupting...
-
23 January 2023 Krzysztof Ziolkowski
The Russia-Ukraine war has had a significant impact on European countries. From the perspective of migration movements, Poland has received about...
-
20 January 2023 Chris Rogers
The long-awaited downturn in global trade will take place in 2023. Supply chain realignments that have been years in the making will begin to...
-
17 January 2023 Greg Knowler
Decarbonizing shipping will cost more than $1 trillion, according to industry estimates, much of which will be passed on to shippers.
-
05 January 2023 Lilit Gevorgyan Fotios Katsoulas Byron McKinney
S&P Global Market Intelligence experts discussed the impact of the oil price cap and scenarios we will see in the coming months in Maritime and...
-
23 December 2022
Saudi Arabia is making a sizable bet that it can transform its container shipping sector, much like it’s trying to do in other non-oil sectors...
-
19 December 2022 William Cassidy
Normalization is still a goal — not a reality — for logistics managers moving goods worldwide and within the United States. After three years...
-
15 December 2022 William Cassidy Cathy Morrow Roberson
Ollie’s Bargain Outlet is expanding one distribution center and adding another in early 2023 to meet demand that is shifting inventory toward...
-
14 December 2022 Daejin Lee
Freight rates will return to the pre-pandemic level
-
12 December 2022 Janet Nodar
California has completed its first steps toward joining the global offshore wind (OSW) energy buildout with a first auction of leases that will...
-
12 December 2022 Katarzyna Skrzypek Agnieszka Maciejewska
Global Trade Monitor – December 2022
-
07 December 2022 Yingzhi Zhang
In international maritime shipping, direct route is not always available for many shippers. While non-stop from origination to destination will...
-
28 November 2022 Daejin Lee
Limited ship supply growth driven by new IMO regulations to help shipping freight market recover in mid and long term
-
23 November 2022 Krzysztof Ziolkowski
Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) agreement to enter into force on 1 January 2022.
-
22 November 2022 Mark Szakonyi
With container spot rates from Asia to North America plunging below post-pandemic levels and a flood of new tonnage set to push the container...
-
21 November 2022 Byron McKinney
September and October witnessed significant new developments in the Russia/Ukraine conflict. The retreat of the Russian army from key towns and...
-
11 November 2022 Janet Nodar
Wind may be the go-to renewable energy source of today, but intransigent supply chain bottlenecks will likely prevent developers from reaching...
-
07 November 2022 Katarzyna Skrzypek Agnieszka Maciejewska
The most recent data for mainland China by S&P Global Market Intelligence, Global Trade Analytics Suite show that after a positive trend in year-on-year...
-
04 November 2022 Krzysztof Ziolkowski Katarzyna Skrzypek Chris Brooks Agnieszka Maciejewska
A look ahead to the key strategic trends in world trade expected through 2023 and beyond.
-
31 October 2022 Greg Knowler
The container shipping industry needs to make major advances in alternative ship power to meet new decarbonization rules, but is also competing...
-
20 October 2022 Eric Johnson
A proliferation of ocean freight rate indexes in recent years is providing more confusion than clarity for capacity buyers, a signal that the...
-
18 October 2022 Liz Gao
Mainland China is pursuing COVID-19 outbreak control and a stable economic growth in the run-up to the 20th national congress of the Communist...
-
13 October 2022
Dr. Jakub M. Kwiatkowski, a senior economist within the Global Trade Analytics Suite (GTAS) Forecasting team of S&P Global Market Intelligence...
-
12 October 2022 Katarzyna Skrzypek Agnieszka Maciejewska
From a quarterly perspective, the most recent data for the second quarter of 2022 from S&P Global Market Intelligence...
-
04 October 2022 James Kwan
The results of our latest research highlight the important role that data plays in supply chain management and the breadth of related challenges...
-
30 September 2022 Bill Mongelluzzo
Carriers pivot on the fly as Asia–US spot rates plummet
-
15 September 2022 Katarzyna Skrzypek Agnieszka Maciejewska
From a quarterly perspective, the most recent data for the second quarter of 2022 from S&P Global Market Intelligence - Global Trade Analytics...
-
15 September 2022 George Devereese
The global shipping and maritime industry is facing a myriad of challenges and there is ever greater importance to have a sense of clarity on...
-
Tankers at Sea Insight: VLCC segment breaks out of rut as higher employment in summer buoys earnings
07 September 2022 Yen Ling Song Izzaty Kamal Fotios Katsoulas
VLCC segment breaks out of rut as higher employment in summer buoys earnings
-
05 September 2022 Daejin Lee
Third-quarter 2022 Dry Bulk Utilisation Index is now available through the Freight Rate Forecast
-
01 September 2022 Yingzhi Zhang
The safety of ships carrying dangerous goods has always been a concern for the shipping community. To improve the security and safety of such...
-
01 September 2022 Byron McKinney
With the current technology in mind and its pace of change, there is a race to manage the semiconductor manufacturing process as it moves towards...
-
11 August 2022 Ravi Amin
As the Russian war effort directed against Ukraine continues, the latest round of economic and diplomatic sanctions forces financial institutions...
-
14 July 2022 Turloch Mooney
Joint members of the World Bank Group and S&P Global Market Intelligence team who had created the index discuss the...
-
21 June 2022 Benjamin Ng Andrew Luxton
The global palm oil market was dealt a blow recently following the announcement that the world’s largest exporter Indonesia would ban exports...
-
20 June 2022 Daejin Lee
The Ukrainian supply chain issue will remain the main upside risk to food inflation in the coming months even with significant increase in shipments...
-
17 June 2022
Find out how our industry-leading data management capabilities are empowering vessels, shipowners, charterers and others to reduce port call...
-
16 June 2022 Philipp Ludwig
The conflicts in Ukraine have affected food prices directly via supply disruptions and indirectly via surging fertilizer prices.
-
16 June 2022 Ines Nastali
With concrete action awaiting to lay out the path to decarbonize maritime emissions, Patrick Verhoeven, managing director of the IAPH, and Jutta...
-
13 June 2022 Rahul Kapoor Fotios Katsoulas
. Assuming the Continent will fully avoid Russian seaborne flows at some point, this would affect average monthly flows of 55 million barrels...
-
13 June 2022 Katarzyna Skrzypek
Strong recovery in container trade during the year 2021; annual growth amounting to 7.9%
-
07 June 2022 Kristy Asseily James Kwan
For the maritime and shipping industry, sustainability is not just a buzzword or talking point. It is now a necessity.
-
03 June 2022 Daejin Lee
Shipping market outlook - Container vs Dry bulk : Q2 2022 update
-
03 June 2022 Agnieszka Maciejewska
In the end of April, Gazprom – a Russian gas company – stopped supplying Poland and Bulgaria as a consequence of its refusal to pay for gas in...
-
24 May 2022 Ravi Amin
In response to Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, governments and regulators have enforced stringent sanctions in key strategic industries. Countries...
-
11 May 2022 Daejin Lee
Capesize rates finally breached $30,000/day mark and Capesize rates became higher than Panamax rates for the first time in 2022.
-
27 April 2022 Daejin Lee
Maritime Congestion in Shanghai
-
22 April 2022 Ines Nastali
Discussions around the cause for the congestion issue the maritime industry faces are heating up fast. Digitalization and collaboration among...
-
30 March 2022 Ines Nastali
Patrick Verhoeven, IAPH managing director, and Martin Humphreys of the World Bank discuss working together to advance digitalization and decarbonization...
-
30 March 2022 Katarzyna Skrzypek
The containerized trade volume decreased by 3.0% in the first quarter of 2020 and by 8.7% y/y in the second quarter of 2020 due to the most severe...
-
14 March 2022 Ravi Amin
The European Union, the United States and the United Kingdom as well as others, are aligning to impose stringent export controls on Russia following...
-
08 March 2022
The Russia-Ukraine war has led to economic sanctions being imposed by global players and is likely to impact international trade of Russia significantly....
-
07 March 2022 Katarzyna Skrzypek Agnieszka Maciejewska
Ukraine is one of the main world exporters of grains as well as vegetable oils. Main agriculture export products are Corn and Wheat. In 2021...
-
25 February 2022 Byron McKinney
Practical challenges and recommendations for financial institutions regarding the monitoring of AIS outages and suspicious vessel activity
-
24 February 2022
S&P Global and TradeSun have announced a strategic partnership to offer an all-in-one integrated trade solution that enhances financial crime...
-
23 February 2022
What is AIS, what it’s designed to do, how does it work? This content will assist users new to AIS to make informed decisions on the consumption...
-
17 February 2022 Yingzhi Zhang
Global supply chains made headlines throughout 2021, with delays and inflated freight rate under the spotlight, impacting many sectors. The perishable...
-
16 February 2022 Russell Patterson
Supply chain disruptions caused by viruses are not limited to coronavirus in 2022. On January 26th, 2022, the China Ministry of Agriculture...
-
15 February 2022
Key observations: • During COVID-19 pandemics trade in pharmaceutical products significantly increased despite a considerable drop in international...
-
11 February 2022 Daejin Lee
Quantifying story into freight signals
-
28 January 2022
Mainland Chinese key dry bulk commodities fundamental demand is projected to stable in 2022
-
19 January 2022 Byron McKinney
The Hong Kong subsidiary of Japanese firm, Sojitz, has been fined $5.2m by the U.S. Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) in January 2022 for...
-
12 January 2022 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
Global Trade Outlook 2022. High global trade volume growth in 2021 and significant moderation in 2022. Supply chains disruption is likely to...
-
06 January 2022 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
Moderation is ongoing with significant concerns over Omicron in an increasing number of regions (Monthly Global Trade Monitor – December 2021)...
-
24 December 2021 Turloch Mooney George Devereese
Tracking what happens at sea is a major challenge, however, innovations in data and technology are now allowing insurers and businesses to track...
-
01 December 2021 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
The growth rates in exports reported by the top 10 reached the peak in Q2 and then moderated to lower levels in Q3 in line with our prior expectations...
-
30 November 2021 Daejin Lee
The dry bulk and container market balance is expected to remain stable in the 2022, while freight rates may face correction when vaccines reduce...
-
16 November 2021 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
• As the crisis on the border between Poland, Latvia, and Lithuania with Belarus escalates, the EU considers it a hybrid attack
-
11 November 2021 Yingzhi Zhang
Container shipping has never been as much under spotlight as this year. Freight had been keeping flat for several years. One debating question...
-
10 November 2021 Daejin Lee
After peaking in early October 2021, dry bulk freight rates are estimated to remain low in 2022 due to reduced congestion and lower commodity...
-
09 November 2021 Yen Ling Song Mark F. Esposito Fotios Katsoulas
West Africa’s total seaborne crude oil exports fell below 3.5 million b/d in October, down from 3.84 million b/d in September. The continent’s...
-
08 November 2021
Recently, due to the exponential progress in the robotization of the economies, the discussions on the pros and cons of technological progress...
-
02 November 2021 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
The electronics industry is today one of the largest and key global industries. Contemporary society uses a vast array of electronic devices...
-
01 November 2021 Ravi Amin
The U.S. Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) has administered a fine of $497,000 to Vorago Technologies Inc., in regard to apparent violations...
-
01 November 2021 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
A sustained recovery in global trade with more moderate prospects for global trade in Q4 and Q1 2022 with some unresolved challenges
-
28 October 2021 Byron McKinney
The European Union (EU) Russian Sanctions List and Belarus Restrictive Goods List have been added to further enhance the products risk and compliance...
-
28 October 2021 Ravi Amin
The U.K.’s Office of Financial Sanctions Implementation (OFSI) has enforced a fine of £50,000 to TransferGo Limited, a fintech payments company...
-
21 October 2021 Pranay Shukla, MICS, F.NMIS
Australian agribulk exports in 4Q21 forecast 42% higher y/y on bumper harvest
-
20 October 2021 Pranay Shukla, MICS, F.NMIS
Mainland China coal imports in 4Q21 forecast 73% higher y/y on strong demand
-
19 October 2021 Yen Ling Song Mark F. Esposito Fotios Katsoulas
Monthly Report: More tankers waiting off China as October crude oil arrivals accelerate
-
15 October 2021 Tomasz Brodzicki
Strong recovery followed by moderation
-
14 October 2021
GTAS Forecasting’s Airborne trade outlook – the latest release 2021-Q3
-
09 October 2021 Alice Gladen
As we hit the 10-month mark since BREXIT, uncertainty over trade continues. The Northern Ireland Protocol creates a trade border between Great...
-
08 October 2021 Robert Willmington
According to the latest S&P Global Maritime & Trade newbuilding data, Chinese shipbuilders picked up the lion’s share of shipbuilding contracts...
-
Capesize regional tightness signals stronger freight rates in the short term but likely to peak soon
04 October 2021 Daejin Lee
Capesize regional tightness signals stronger freight rates in the short term but likely to peak soon.
-
01 October 2021 Tomasz Brodzicki
Global trade is likely to grow more moderately in Q3 & Q4
-
22 September 2021 Guy Sear
S&P Global and eMPX, a maritime high-technology company, are proud to announce a collaboration that will deliver customers in the maritime pilot...
-
20 September 2021 Ravi Amin
The Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) has enforced a fine of approximately $860,000 to First Bank SA, of Romania, and it’s U.S. parent...
-
15 September 2021 Tim McLaughlin
S&P Global, a leading provider of critical information, analytics and solutions, and SESAMm, a specialist in Artificial Intelligence and Machine...
-
07 September 2021 Fotios Katsoulas
India's exports of oil products in August totaled 4.53 million mt, largely stable from July volumes, although outflows of gasoil and diesel surged...
-
02 September 2021 Fotios Katsoulas
OPEC seaborne crude oil exports dropped to 26.24 million b/d in August, from 27 million b/d in July. This is the first month total volumes fell...
-
01 September 2021 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
Recovery in global trade clearly sustained and broad with more moderate forecasts for Q3 & Q4 (Monthly Global Trade Monitor – AUGUST 2021)
-
23 August 2021 Yingzhi Zhang
Postponed by a year, the long-waited Olympic Games finally opened up this summer, though in midst of ongoing pandemic and restriction measures...
-
20 August 2021
The coal market will be an influential factor in the coming months for the Capesize market. Capesize vessels have gained a larger share of the...
-
18 August 2021 Daejin Lee
According to Bulkers at Sea Fleet metrics, the speed of all size classes (VLOC to Handysize) in the past four years by quarter (different market...
-
18 August 2021 Fotios Katsoulas
Japan's crude oil imports are recovering impressively in August and are on track to hit 2.9 million b/d, up from 2.04 million b/d in July and...
-
06 August 2021 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
According to official trade statistics published in S&P Global Global Trade Atlas (GTA), the market-leading bilateral trade research tool, in...
-
06 August 2021 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on prices of jet fuel globally and in Europe. After an initial shock, the observed mean unit prices...
-
05 August 2021 Daejin Lee
We expect dry bulk market demand and supply balance will be stable in the coming years. However, our data-driven forecasting models predict freight...
-
05 August 2021 Russell Patterson
On January 1st 2022, the World Customs Organization (WCO) will once again institute a new revision to the Harmonized Schedule; certain commodity...
-
05 August 2021 Brian Cozzens
While many industries and commodities took a severe downturn due to COVID-19, there were some that outperformed their historical norms. Lumber...
-
04 August 2021 Mike Wiman
Between the Suez, U.S. West Coast, Yantian, and even blockages of Australian coal into China, the disruptions have been attributed to diverse...
-
14 July 2021 Fotios Katsoulas
Russia's crude oil exports to China reached 680,000 b/d in June, the highest since January, compared to just 462,000 b/d in May 2021.
-
14 July 2021 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
The East Asia region has developed a solid and competitive global position in a number of regional value chains, including for instance electronics....
-
13 July 2021 Pranay Shukla, MICS, F.NMIS
Indonesian coal shipments during June 2021, to Mainland China, which accounts for 53 percent of total Indonesian coal export, stood at 18.6mt...
-
13 July 2021 Pranay Shukla, MICS, F.NMIS
Total agribulk shipments from the Black Sea region during June 2021 stood at 5.5mt (up 45 percent y/y) with wheat, corn, and barley at 2.8mt...
-
09 July 2021 Guy Sear Byron McKinney
S&P Global and Bank T&D Consulting have announced a partnership to offer Banks a comprehensive automated solution for managing Trade Based Money...
-
01 July 2021 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
We foresee a global recovery in 2021, with year-on-year real GDP growth rates predicted to reach 6.0%. The growth rates are predicted to vary...
-
29 June 2021 Yingzhi Zhang
The recent incident to "mega" container vessel, Ever Given in the Suez Canal highlighted the impact one break in the supply chain can mean to...
-
23 June 2021 Mike Wiman
A recent newsworthy U.S. import shipment provides a unique opportunity to visualize the end-to-end supply chain through the lens of multiple...
-
22 June 2021 Guy Sear Byron McKinney
S&P Global a world leader in critical information, analytics and solutions, and Complidata, a data driven AML innovation company, have announced...
-
11 June 2021 Daejin Lee
Our weekly forecast models supported our view that although Capesize freight rates have declined over the past few weeks with the correction...
-
09 June 2021
S&P Global has awarded a channel distribution license to Khalid Associates Global (KAG) for the Pakistan territory. KAG will market S&P Global...
-
02 June 2021 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
The new release of the GTA Forecasting model from May 2021 accommodates the most recent macroeconomic forecasts, all available by-now historical...
-
12 May 2021 Brian Cozzens
Taking a high-level view for the past five years for cotton imported into mainland China, we see values peak with 2018 imports at nearly $10...
-
10 May 2021 Russell Patterson
Governments and companies alike depend on international trade data for reliable statistics to track the ever-shifting marketplaces for traded...
-
07 May 2021 Turloch Mooney Rahul Kapoor
East Asian container ports are the most efficient in the world and dominate the Top 50 spots of the new global Container Port Performance Index...
-
05 May 2021 Ravi Amin
Trade finance professionals recognize the importance of the role they play in enforcing international regulations pertaining to export compliance....
-
05 May 2021 Yingzhi Zhang
The international rose trade market amounted to USD 8.63 billion in 2019, the number dropped to 4.58 billion in 2020 - largely due to transport...
-
30 April 2021 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
We foresee a global recovery in 2021 with year-on-year real GDP growth rates predicted to reach 5.3% (4.3% in 2022) - adjusted upwards for 2021...
-
29 April 2021 Fotios Katsoulas
Seaborne crude oil shipments by OPEC producers so far in April have averaged 18.95 million b/d, an increase of 2.6% from March, as the group...
-
29 April 2021 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
Air cargo in 2020 was affected more than global trade volumes - CTKs fell by 10.6% year-on-year with global trade volume falling by 5.3%.
-
27 April 2021 Byron McKinney
The U.S. government has seized an oil tanker for involvement in ship-to-ship (STS) cargo transfers with a sanctioned vessel and other sanctions...
-
23 April 2021 Fotios Katsoulas
Total crude oil discharged so far in April has averaged 4.87 million b/d, according to preliminary data from S&P Global Commodities at Sea. This...
-
20 April 2021 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
The real GDP of USMCA in 2020 was equal to USD 24.2 trillion (30% of global GDP, it was equal to USD 12.5 trillion in 1994 when NAFTA was established...
-
07 April 2021 Alice Gladen
From analysing UK HMRC customs data, we see significant drops in UK trade with the EU in January 2021. Exports are down almost 50% with imports...
-
05 April 2021 Pranay Shukla, MICS, F.NMIS
Overall, during 1Q21, Colombian coal and coke shipments stood at 15.1mt (down 29 percent y/y). The significant decline was due to a halt in coal...
-
26 March 2021 Daejin Lee
Congestion is expected to significantly worsen in coming days as it is unlikely that many vessels would detour, considering the expensive deviation...
-
26 March 2021 Daejin Lee
General cargo (breakbulk) vessels that have shared similar terminal and cargo with geared bulkers (Supramax and Handysize) have shifted to the...
-
25 March 2021 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
We predict a year-on-year increase in the real value of global trade of 6.5% in 2021 and 4.3% in 2022 (we priorly forecasted 7.6% in 2021 and...
-
18 March 2021 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
The most recent real GDP growth forecasts from S&P Global were published on 15 March. We predict global recovery in 2021 with year-on-year real...
-
18 March 2021 Russell Patterson
A closer look at the Asia markets shows that the increase in demand for U.S. SMP is possibly a result of supplier diversification, as a weakening...
-
17 March 2021 Yingzhi Zhang
While maritime is still the dominant mode and a more mature transport means, rail is an emerging alternative for some market segments and supports...
-
10 March 2021
Shell Shipping & Maritime has selected the S&P Global Sea Cargo Charter Managed Reporting Service to provide independent calculations and streamline...
-
09 March 2021 James Kwan
Build vs. Buy: Key Considerations When Embarking on Technology Transformation
-
26 February 2021 Rajiv Biswas Rahul Kapoor
S&P Global estimates that global trade volume contracted by an estimated -11.2% in 2020. A recovery is forecast in 2021 and 2022, with global...
-
22 February 2021 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
The adjusted manufacturing PMI new exports orders (PMI NExO) readouts for January 2021 are above the benchmark value of 50.0 points for global...
-
17 February 2021 Ashlee Williams
The International Maritime Organization (IMO), and the Women's International Shipping & Trading Association (WISTA International) have...
-
08 February 2021
After a tumultuous year, cloud-based data management offers many benefits for the maritime industry.
-
03 February 2021 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
We predict a year-on-year increase in the real value of global trade of 7.6% in 2021 and 5.2% in 2022. This accommodates the forecasted recovery...
-
20 January 2021 Jeremy Domballe
AIS is one of the easiest and relatively cheapest means by which you can track vessels internationally, and due to the identity information passed...
-
19 January 2021 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
The Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) Agreement was signed on 15 November 2020 after a long negotiation period started back...
-
19 January 2021 Mike Wiman
Mexico carries a trade surplus with the US, exporting more than it imports from its neighbor. For the first 47 weeks of the year, Mexico increased...
-
18 January 2021 Daejin Lee
As of 14 January 2021, around 36.2 million deadweight tons of dry bulk fleet are sitting off the coast of North China, including 11.8 million...
-
11 January 2021 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
In terms of volumes, we expect global trade in 2020 to contract to 12.7 billion metric tons and to grow to 13.65 billion metric tons in 2021...
-
11 January 2021 Alice Gladen
Forward planning with COVID-19 has proved difficult, with new waves, restrictions and long-term effects proving hard to predict. The Global Trade...
-
08 January 2021 Ines Nastali
The COVID-19 pandemic presents challenges also to the dredging and marine civil engineering industry, with uncertainty over new contracts for...
-
11 December 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
We now expect global trade in 2020 to go down to 12.7 billion metric tons and to increase to 13.65 billion metric tons in 2021 and 14.2 billion...
-
09 December 2020 Guy Sear
S&P Global’s extensive Sea-web database now highlights vessels with ties to illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing. This advancement was...
-
20 November 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
In October 2020 PMI new export orders' readouts for all the main economies of the world, apart from the US, are above 50.0 points which is indicative...
-
18 November 2020 James Kwan
For those planning a new digitalization initiative, the following five steps will help build a strong data management foundation that supports...
-
12 November 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
To empirically identify the impact of COVID-19 on the trade we have built an econometric model in the gravity tradition explaining the intensity...
-
05 November 2020 Byron McKinney
The maritime sanction compliance advisories published by the United Nations Security Council Panel of Experts for North Korea, the US Department...
-
05 November 2020 Jeremy Domballe
As regulators continue to clamp down within the sanctions space, it's becoming apparent how historically some players would try to circumvent...
-
05 November 2020 Yingzhi Zhang
Part of Zhejiang-Zhoushan Port Group, Zhoushan Port is emerging as a regional petrochemical hub, The blueprint sets out a target of building...
-
04 November 2020 Mike Wiman
Mexico carries a trade surplus with the US, exporting more than it imports from its neighbour. For the first 39 weeks of the year, Mexico increased...
-
03 November 2020 Ravi Amin
The People's Republic of China, by order of the President, has confirmed a new Export Control Law for the purpose of safeguarding national interest...
-
03 November 2020 Daejin Lee
According to Commodities at Sea, dry bulk vessels anchored nearby China waiting to discharge Australian coal has increased to 75 vessels in Week...
-
02 November 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
Mean export distance increased by 9.5% over the period 2000-19 from 4,464 kilometers in 2000 to 4,886 kilometers in 2019. An average mean export...
-
20 October 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
China is the only top economy showing clear and consistent signs of recovery in Q2 and Q3 2020 - Chinese exports were higher by 0.3% in June...
-
19 October 2020 Daejin Lee
Panamax average earning has been supported by a strong grain demand this year, despite the COVID-19 pandemic and limited coal trade. Chinese...
-
14 October 2020 Yingzhi Zhang
E-Commerce has experienced rapid growth in recent years. Cosmetics is among the fastest growing consumer products.
-
09 October 2020 Jamie Penniman
The COVID-19 pandemic and explosion in Beirut have underscored the need for marine insurers to develop better ways to understand their risk exposure...
-
06 October 2020 Daejin Lee
At the start of October, Capesize (180,000 dwt) timecharter rates increased to about USD30,000/day from USD15,000/day from just two weeks ago....
-
01 October 2020 Mike Wiman
For the first 34 weeks of the year, Mexico increased import MTONs from the US by 1.2% year-on-year 2019 to 2020 but decreased import value by...
-
30 September 2020 Alice Gladen
China's importance as a trade partner for German pork was clear in 2019 when the volume of German exports to China increased by 81% compared...
-
25 September 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
According to the new release of the S&P Global GTA Forecasting model global merchandise trade is likely to go down in 2020 to USD 16,672 billion...
-
16 September 2020 Fotios Katsoulas
OPEC has revised down its forecast for global oil demand by another 400,000 b/d this year. The cartel now expects consumption to decline by 9.5...
-
15 September 2020 Dalibor Gogic
Year-on-year, for the first eight months of this year total major grain exports to China including soybeans is lower by about 14%.
-
14 September 2020 Fotios Katsoulas
Rates jumped to more than USD 24,000 per day on 11th September once first rumours started to spread around a potential second wave of interest...
-
07 September 2020 Mike Wiman
Mexico usually carries a trade surplus with the US, exporting more than it imports from its northern neighbor. For the first 30 weeks of the...
-
07 September 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
The trend in the PMI is clear and consistent within Q2 of 2020 showing a gradual improvement in market confidence from May onwards and continuing...
-
07 September 2020 Daejin Lee
Once the surge in pent-up demand is satisfied and the boost to apparent consumption from inventory restocking is complete, growth may fade, exposing...
-
04 September 2020
As of August 2020, Wolfsberg Group has released a statement encouraging authorities to adopt the FATF guidelines in accordance to mitigating...
-
03 September 2020 Byron McKinney
A joint advisory document has been released by three US government departments regarding North Korea’s ballistic missile procurement activity....
-
03 September 2020 Yingzhi Zhang
China is UK's third largest import trade partner in recent years holding steady at 9% market share. While trade talks around 'Brexit' mostly...
-
03 September 2020 Ines Nastali
Fewer scrubbers and ballast water management systems (BWMS) will be installed in 2020 due to COVID-19, according to this year’s Maritime Compliance...
-
24 August 2020 Fotios Katsoulas
Brazilian Crude Oil Exports remain strong so far in August, with volumes only marginally down since last month. The country has been loading...
-
18 August 2020 Jeremy Domballe
With more than 60% of arrivals occuring within the port of Beirut, the port is a vital infrastructure supporting Lebanon economic activity.
-
17 August 2020 Alice Gladen
The value of trade in organic chemicals reached $846 Billion in 2019 however, this was down by around 10% from 2018 values. 2019 was a tumultuous...
-
17 August 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
The value of global exports in the first four months of 2020 reported by the analyzed states amounted to five billion US dollars. It represents...
-
05 August 2020 Mike Wiman
US-Mexico cross-border trade via Mexico customs bill of lading data.
-
05 August 2020 Alice Gladen
Using vessel port callings data combined with trade data to analyse the US response to COVID on a state level.
-
05 August 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
China mainland is the only top economy showing signs of recovery in Q2 2020 both in exports and imports
-
04 August 2020 Daejin Lee
The current dry bulk market is Capesize-driven market. We have seen C5TC has increased to more than USD 30,000 per day in early July 2020 from...
-
24 July 2020 Jeremy Domballe
A research addressing the use case and role of statistical trade data in commodity trading.
-
21 July 2020 Fotios Katsoulas
OPEC together with other members of the Vienna Alliance decided that current production cuts of 9.7 million barrels per day (b/d) will remain...
-
16 July 2020 Byron McKinney
In the C4ADS report, S&P Global’s role as the issuer of the IMO number for vessels and originating source for the IMO Unique Company and Registered...
-
15 July 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
The Western hemisphere countries (EU, the UK, the US, and Canada) seem at this stage to be more adversely affected than other economies, however...
-
07 July 2020 John Mathai
International trade in crucial COVID related medical supplies touched $188 billion during 1Q20, registering a growth of 12% over the same period...
-
02 July 2020 Mike Wiman
Mexico didn’t impose large-scale quarantines until the last week of March, and the containerized export volume declines (measured in 20-foot...
-
02 July 2020 Jeremy Domballe
The EU imports from an average of 211 unique Non-EU Trade partners each year – representing a 22% increase in value of goods and 227 Billion...
-
02 July 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
In Q1 2020 the value of global exports of aerospace products and parts fell to USD 75,854 billion which represents a fall of 8.0% year-on-year...
-
19 June 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
April 2020 brought about a massive collapse in the value of exports (year-on-year) with exports falling by 19.1% in Japan and by 25.1% in South...
-
16 June 2020 Alice Gladen
The impact on the shipping industry has been widespread, whether that is the complete freezing of the cruise ship industry, the implications...
-
10 June 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D. Katarzyna Skrzypek
It is important to stress that China mainland is a significantly more important trade partner of Hong Kong SAR than the US.
-
08 June 2020 Fotios Katsoulas
Russian seaborne exports of crude oil marginally fell below four million b/d in May, with volumes coming down 15% month-on-month and 21% year-on-year....
-
28 May 2020
Behind every casualty and vessel total loss statistic are seafarers that have lost their lives, been injured, or suffer long-term physical or...
-
26 May 2020 Ashlee Williams
Maritime UK, the industry body for the maritime sector, has announced S&P Global as the seventh company to gain Charter certification as part...
-
22 May 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
World merchandise trade is expected to fall in real value by 13.6% in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
-
19 May 2020 Fotios Katsoulas
China’s appetite for Brazilian barrels has remained strong over the last couple of months, but most recent data by S&P Global Commodities at...
-
15 May 2020 Fotios Katsoulas
Shipments from OPEC members are already significantly down in the first half of May compared to last month. Total volumes exported from the 13...
-
14 May 2020 Jeremy Domballe
Grains and cereals have become an increasingly important commodity used in everyday life, from being grounded into flour for baking to simply...
-
14 May 2020 Mike Wiman
Looking at containerized trade by 20-foot equivalent units (TEUs), total Mexico exports to the US were relatively flat, declining just 0.9% the...
-
08 May 2020 Katarzyna Skrzypek
The situation and prospects for 2020
-
04 May 2020 Alice Gladen
As COVID-19 continues to have an impact and lockdown continues throughout the world, the UK fishing industry appears to be struggling. The Marine...
-
30 April 2020 Jeremy Domballe
S&P Global US Bill of Lading data is ingested daily, containing invaluable insights into market evolution. The tagging of containerised goods...
-
30 April 2020 Guy Sear
The shipping industry has been thrown into chaos by an unprecedented increase in sanctions.
-
29 April 2020 Jeremy Domballe
The US is the number one partner of pharmaceutical and medical equipment/chemical from China representing 18.07% of total Chinese exports.
-
28 April 2020 Fotios Katsoulas
Most recent data by S&P Global Commodities at Sea suggests that utilisation rates for LR2 have improved, while those for LR1 have actually declined....
-
24 April 2020 Byron McKinney
The release of the United Nations North Korea Panel of Experts report for March 2020 outlines the main areas of activity deployed by the Democratic...
-
23 April 2020
The maritime industry has seen a decrease in total losses of ships over the past five years, attributed by many in the industry to increased...
-
22 April 2020 Fotios Katsoulas
Several tankers heading for destinations across Europe have been facing huge delays due to high congestion during the last couple of weeks, with...
-
16 April 2020 Dalibor Gogic
The majority of cruise operators have ceased operations amid the coronavirus outbreak, and our AIS data suggests that a large number of vessels...
-
14 April 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
Chinese exports went down by USD 71,342 million to USD 281.4 billion. It represents a fall of 20.2% in comparison to 2019.
-
09 April 2020 Bill Cassidy
As truck drivers rush to deliver essential goods during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, US shippers are taking advantage of...
-
08 April 2020
State of Maritime Safety report launched today
-
02 April 2020
On 31 March 2020 the US Supreme Court decided that the safe berth clause in charter parties establishes a warranty of safety, in what is being...
-
30 March 2020 Peter Tirschwell
A seesaw effect of cargo and empty container movement between Asia and North America is beginning to take shape as the extended China manufacturing...
-
27 March 2020 Greg Knowler
Extensive blank sailings have left virtually no empty containers available at European ports, according to the latest data, and extreme measures...
-
26 March 2020
Just as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) spreads from China to North America, the disruptive impact of the pandemic will shift from worries...
-
26 March 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
The global spread of the COVID-19 epidemic is the single biggest risk facing the world economy in early 2020.
-
24 March 2020 Fotios Katsoulas
Indian crude oil imports reached 4.5 million b/d in February, with March currently standing at 4.55 million b/d, primarily driven by lower oil...
-
17 March 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
Russia is considered as a bookcase example of a resource course-stricken economy with a growth model highly dependent on the price of oil and...
-
13 March 2020 Greg Knowler
China’s record slump in manufacturing output during factory closures in February to combat the spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)...
-
11 March 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
The y/y changes in trade data for four out of the main nine economies of the world show that 2019 was a difficult year with sluggish growth and...
-
10 March 2020 Rahul Kapoor
Crude oil imports recover in late February, iron ore, coal, minor bulks seeing double dip.
-
26 February 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
Both US and Chinese exports and imports show significant seasonality; the seasonal component is stronger for China than for the US.
-
25 February 2020 Rahul Kapoor
Average weekly crude oil discharged in China has returned closer to normal levels despite a lower vessel count.
-
25 February 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
Chinese exports of agri-food commodities amounted to USD 64.83 billion in 2019. It increased by 85% in comparison to 2005
-
21 February 2020
Unipec, China’s biggest oil trader, has chartered a tanker to ship a cargo of Vietnamese crude to Hawaii, in the first such shipment in more...
-
20 February 2020 Fotios Katsoulas
The coronavirus's effect starts becoming clear, with China’s energy demand falling sharply.
-
18 February 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
The outbreak of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) is for the time being the most significant black swan of 2020
-
28 January 2020 Byron McKinney
The sanctions imposed on subsidiary ship owners that were part of the COSCO Shipping family in late 2019 by the Office of Foreign Asset Control...
-
28 January 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
The UK will leave the European Union on 31 January 2020 after 47 years of membership (a truly once in a century event). The uncertainty over...
-
24 January 2020 Daejin Lee
On 15 January 2020, President Trump and Chinese Vice Premier He signed the highly anticipated “phase-one” trade agreement between the US and...
-
23 January 2020 Tomasz Brodzicki, Ph.D.
China is by far the largest exporter of iron and steel in 2019 having exported 87.3 million metric tons which equals approximately 15.8 % of...
-
14 January 2020 Daejin Lee
China's 2019 coal imports were up 6.3% compared with 2018 levels, while December’s imports tumbled nearly 73% to 2.77 million tonnes.
-
02 January 2020
World merchandise trade volume is forecasted to grow 2.7% in 2020, and to grow by 5.0% in 2021.
-
03 December 2019 Byron McKinney
Shipping is a crucial component of trade finance and anything that impacts the regulatory or financial standing of a vessel, a vessels ownership...
-
02 December 2019
US imports from China in 2017 reached over 70.5 million tonnes and exceeded 75.2 million tonnes in 2018. We predict lower growth rates in 2019...
-
24 October 2019 Bill Mongelluzzo
Fueled by a dozen new plants and more capacity on the way, United States resin exports jumped 35 percent in the first half of the year as growing...
-
11 October 2019 Fotios Katsoulas
OPEC decided to raise the oil output ceiling for Nigeria to 1.774 million b/d, from 1.685 million b/d.
-
08 October 2019 Byron McKinney
The latest edition to the US Department of the Treasury’s Executive Order 13846 on re-imposing sanctions with respect to Iran has led to several...
-
07 October 2019 Fotios Katsoulas
Chilean Supreme Court order to re-assess mining project signals legal uncertainties and likely delays for large-scale developments
-
03 October 2019 Daejin Lee
Dry Bulk Trade: Record Brazil Corn Shipments a Warning Signal for Q4 US Grain Season
-
24 September 2019 Byron McKinney
The Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC) has issued a fine of $4 million to the British Arab Commercial Bank (BACB) regarding violation of...
-
23 September 2019 Daejin Lee
Indonesia will again ban exports of nickel ore, encouraging investors to build smelters at home to produce value-added products: Nickel prices...
-
20 September 2019 Rahul Kapoor
Chinese iron ore imports are unlikely to show any signs of easing in the near-term with imports likely to stay elevated despite economic malaise...
-
19 September 2019 Rahul Kapoor Daejin Lee
A sequential decline in August iron ore export volumes from Brazil is at odds with Capesize freight rates surging to a six-year high in recent...
-
15 August 2019
OFAC recently announced its Reporting, Procedures and Penalties Regulations (RPPR) that outlined the recordkeeping and auditing functions for...
-
17 July 2019 Fotios Katsoulas
Last week, oil prices recovered significantly, primarily supported by the continued decline in US crude inventories. This suggests that the supply...
-
15 July 2019 Fotios Katsoulas
July is a typically poor month for the VLCC segment, with activity slowing down across all major exporting regions. There has been limited optimism...
-
15 July 2019
The recent announcement from FedEx that the multinational cargo carrier has filed a lawsuit against the US Department of Commerce is the latest...
-
05 July 2019 Daejin Lee
S&P Global freight forecast models, released yesterday, predict dry bulk freight rates to strengthen in the second half, as more aggressive stimulus...
-
28 May 2019
There has been a flurry of sanctions related penalties issued by US authorities in April and May 2019, continuing the overall theme so far of...
-
22 May 2019
The Office of Foreign Asset Control (OFAC) has for the first time issued guidelines on what it believes constitutes a robust compliance program...
-
16 May 2019
China’s total seaborne imports of all types of coal appear to have increased in May, from the level of April. Australian cargoes also appear...
-
30 April 2019
Post-Brexit, the UK has to provide funding for farmers and rural communities development to replace the EU funding of 26 billion EUR.
-
26 April 2019
The US is turning to the EU to find ways to decrease the trade deficit that reached close to 890 billion USD in 2018, the largest in over 20...
-
23 April 2019
Following the recent North Korea sanctions advisory dated (March 21, 2019) issued by the US Department of the Treasury’s Office of Foreign Affairs...
-
29 March 2019
Maritime & Trade Overview
-
25 March 2019 John Miller
After recovering from the war with the US, which decimated the countryside and killed millions of people, Vietnamese leaders in the 1980s started...
-
18 March 2019 John Miller
For decades, Africa’s top economies have sought to build a new brand of widespread durable prosperity and escape the painful legacy of colonialism....
-
12 March 2019 Fotios Katsoulas
The VLCC market has been realising significant gains driven by the increasing loading activity in the US Gulf. However, the country’s only deep-water...
-
11 March 2019 John Miller
Perhaps no country risks losing more from the winds of protectionism and tariffs sweeping the world than Germany.
-
04 March 2019 John Miller
As European and Arab leaders gathered in late February for a summit in Egypt, they promised to focus on boosting trade between the two regions....
-
26 February 2019 John Miller
If you were to design an economy perfectly tailored to succeed in the modern global economy, it might look like Australia’s. The country of 23.5...
-
22 February 2019
The backstop means there would be a single EU-UK customs territory. There would be no tariffs, quotas, or rules of origin checks between the...
-
19 February 2019 John Miller
The global iron ore business is entering a new era of uncertainty. After a two-decade boom, mining and seaborne trade of the mineral essential...
-
15 February 2019 Fotios Katsoulas
India, the world’s second biggest crude oil importer, absorbed around 9.5% of global trade flows last year. The country has been recently switching...
-
12 February 2019 John Miller
One of global trade’s most pivotal factors has become the Chinese New Year, which kicked off this year on February 5.
-
11 February 2019 Fotios Katsoulas
Last year, Libyan crude oil production averaged around 50,000 barrels per day (b/d) lower than the 1 Mn b/d target earlier set by the state....
-
07 February 2019
If the UK leaves the EU customs union, it would be able to negotiate free trade agreements on its own terms with non-EU countries, and the EU....
-
04 February 2019 John Miller
Coal is having a rebound moment. Even as US and European miners endure bankruptcies, and regulations to cap carbon emissions, the black rock...
-
29 January 2019
Despite the earlier optimism among some owners, January hasn’t been an easy month for the Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC) segment.
-
28 December 2018 John Miller
The fastest-growing wine market is China, where a bottle of Bordeaux is replacing a traditional Chinese liquor called baijiu as the alcohol of...
-
17 December 2018 John Miller
Peru is already the world’s second largest copper exporter and recent elections indicate it’s prepared to bet even more heavily on mining.
-
11 December 2018 John Miller
It’s almost Christmas, peak buying season for the $100 billion global toy market. That means it’s time for manufacturers, shipping lines and...
-
04 December 2018 John Miller
The US is still the world’s top grain exporter, but Russia is closing the gap, with India, France, Argentina and Canada following. US farmers...
-
27 November 2018 John Miller
As Indonesia heads into a presidential election next April, the world’s fourth most populous country is attempting to attract foreign investment...
-
18 November 2018 John Miller
A summary of Hong Kong's top sources of imports, exports and new trade deals with Australia
-
13 November 2018 John Miller
As Colombia recovers from bloody civil strife, contains a resurgent cocaine trade, and firms up its economy under a new president, it will need...
-
12 November 2018
New TPP – the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) will enter into force December 30th. CPTPP has been...
-
08 November 2018 IHS Markit Maritime & Trade Expert
When the International Maritime Organization’s (IMO’s) legal committee met for its 105th session in April, the subject of fraudulent ship registrations...
-
05 November 2018 John Miller
Trade and production of plastics are getting a boost from more gas drilling, even as the fuel-based material faces opposition because it’s so...
-
29 October 2018 John Miller
The modern factory food industry which nourishes many of the world’s 7.6 billion people demands large supplies of wheat, corn, sugar and soybeans....
1
2
{"items" : [
{"name":"filter","enabled":true,"mobdesc":"Filter"},{"name":"sort","enabled":true,"mobdesc":"Sort"}, {"name":"share","enabled":true,"desc":"<strong>Share</strong>","mobdesc":"Share","options":[ {"name":"facebook","url":"https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http%3a%2f%2fwww.spglobal.com%2fmarketintelligence%2fen%2fmi%2fresearch-analysis%2fmaritime-trade.html","enabled":true},{"name":"twitter","url":"https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.spglobal.com%2fmarketintelligence%2fen%2fmi%2fresearch-analysis%2fmaritime-trade.html&text=Maritime+%26+Trade+Research+and+Analysis+%7c+S%26P+Global","enabled":true},{"name":"linkedin","url":"https://www.linkedin.com/sharing/share-offsite/?url=http%3a%2f%2fwww.spglobal.com%2fmarketintelligence%2fen%2fmi%2fresearch-analysis%2fmaritime-trade.html","enabled":true},{"name":"email","url":"?subject=Maritime & Trade Research and Analysis | S&P Global&body=http%3a%2f%2fwww.spglobal.com%2fmarketintelligence%2fen%2fmi%2fresearch-analysis%2fmaritime-trade.html","enabled":true},{"name":"whatsapp","url":"https://api.whatsapp.com/send?text=Maritime+%26+Trade+Research+and+Analysis+%7c+S%26P+Global http%3a%2f%2fwww.spglobal.com%2fmarketintelligence%2fen%2fmi%2fresearch-analysis%2fmaritime-trade.html","enabled":true}]}, {"name":"rtt","enabled":true,"mobdesc":"Top"}
]}