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Copper prices hit record highs in 2025, fueled by strong demand from decarbonization, the data center boom, supply constraints and geopolitics. This price strength encouraged increased exploration spending, with majors asserting dominance through deep capital reserves and a strategic focus on minesite projects.
Budget allocations continued to favor minesite investments, while grassroots spending hovered near record lows and late-stage budgets stagnated as projects advanced to construction, signaling a thinning pipeline. With geopolitical pressures, lower mine output from major producers, recent operational disruptions at key mines, and accelerating energy-transition demand, sustained investment across all exploration stages — particularly early-stage projects — is crucial to ensure future supply keeps pace with demand.
