Middle East and North Africa state wheat buyers' subsidy policies: 1st edition

People across North Africa and the Middle East expect their governments to guarantee that bread is available at a low price. That price is typically tightly regulated and rarely raised – in Tunisia it hasn’t changed since 1984. Most countries in these regions are too dry to grow enough wheat to satisfy domestic consumption, and so their state grain boards procure it from the international market and are among the most significant global buyers.

Egypt

Turkey

Algeria

Tunisia

Jordan

Middle East and North Africa state wheat buyers' subsidy policies: 1st edition

Egypt

Turkey

Algeria

Tunisia

Jordan

General Authority For Supply Commodities (GASC)

Toprak Mahsulleri Ofisi (TMO)

Office Algérien Inter-professionnel des Céréales (OAIC)

Office des Céréales (ODC)

Ministry of Industry and Trade (MIT)

Egypt

Turkey

Algeria

Tunisia

Jordan

Free market on imports

Free market on imports

Predominately state imports

Egypt

Turkey

Algeria

Tunisia

Jordan

Public tenders
and private deals

Public tenders
and private deals


Public tenders


Public tenders


Public tenders

Egypt

Turkey

Algeria

Tunisia

Jordan

Egypt

Turkey

Algeria

Tunisia

Jordan

52%

33%

100%

100%

90%^^

Egypt

Turkey

Algeria

Tunisia

Jordan

Egypt

Turkey

Algeria

Tunisia

Jordan

Egypt

Turkey

Algeria

Tunisia

Jordan


111 million


85.3 million


45.0 million


12.4 million


11.3 million

Egypt

Turkey

Algeria

Tunisia

Jordan

Mixed


Private

Mixed


Private


Private

Egypt

Turkey

Algeria

Tunisia

Jordan

Egypt

Turkey

Algeria

Tunisia

Jordan

Mixed


Private


Private


Private


Private

Egypt

Turkey

Algeria

Tunisia

Jordan

Egypt

Turkey

Algeria

Tunisia

Jordan

Fixed nation-wide bread price program

Free local market price*

Fixed nation-wide bread price program

Fixed nation-wide bread price program

Fixed nation-wide bread price program

Egypt

Turkey

Algeria

Tunisia

Jordan


Baladi


Somun Ekmek


Baguette


Baguette


Khubz Saghir and Khubz Kabir

Egypt

Turkey

Algeria

Tunisia

Jordan

EGP 0.05 / 70 grams

TL 6.5 / 200 grams**

DZD 15 / 190grams

TND 0.19 / 190 grams

JOD 0.40/ 100 grams
and 0.25/125 grams

Egypt

Turkey

Algeria

Tunisia

Jordan


0.023


1.090


0.589


0.324


5.600
2.800

Egypt

Turkey

Algeria

Tunisia

Jordan

1989

2023

1989

1984

2018

Egypt

Turkey

Algeria

Tunisia

Jordan


$4,100


$10,590


$3,900


$3,840


$4,260

Egypt

Turkey

Algeria

Tunisia

Jordan

$1 = 30.79 EGP

$1 = 29.8 TL

$1 = 134 DZD

$1 = 3.09 TND

$1 = 0.71 JOD