Middle East and North Africa state wheat buyers' subsidy policies: 1st edition
People across North Africa and the Middle East expect their governments to guarantee that bread is available at a low price. That price is typically tightly regulated and rarely raised – in Tunisia it hasn’t changed since 1984. Most countries in these regions are too dry to grow enough wheat to satisfy domestic consumption, and so their state grain boards procure it from the international market and are among the most significant global buyers.
Egypt |
Turkey |
Algeria |
Tunisia |
Jordan |
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Middle East and North Africa state wheat buyers' subsidy policies: 1st edition
Egypt |
Turkey |
Algeria |
Tunisia |
Jordan |
|---|
General Authority For Supply Commodities (GASC) |
Toprak Mahsulleri Ofisi (TMO) |
Office Algérien Inter-professionnel des Céréales (OAIC) |
Office des Céréales (ODC) |
Ministry of Industry and Trade (MIT) |
Free market on imports |
Free market on imports |
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Predominately state imports |
Public tenders |
Public tenders |
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52% |
33% |
100% |
100% |
90%^^ |
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Mixed |
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Mixed |
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Mixed |
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Fixed nation-wide bread price program |
Free local market price* |
Fixed nation-wide bread price program |
Fixed nation-wide bread price program |
Fixed nation-wide bread price program |
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EGP 0.05 / 70 grams |
TL 6.5 / 200 grams** |
DZD 15 / 190grams |
TND 0.19 / 190 grams |
JOD 0.40/ 100 grams |
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1989 |
2023 |
1989 |
1984 |
2018 |
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$1 = 30.79 EGP |
$1 = 29.8 TL |
$1 = 134 DZD |
$1 = 3.09 TND |
$1 = 0.71 JOD |